Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog

If you own a car, then you know it requires regular servicing in order to perform well and be reliable. More than likely, your car came with a recommended schedule for service, based on how many miles it has been driven. After a certain number of miles, you need to change the oil, replace the brake pads, rotate the tires, and so on.

If you have a newer car, you probably have an irritating dash light that comes on when it's time for service and stays on until the mechanic resets it. Either way, whether you pay attention to the odometer or rely on that dash light, it's pretty easy to know when it's time to service your car. And if you keep driving it without servicing it, it's a sure bet your car will let you down.

Like your car, your estate plan needs "servicing" if it is going to perform the way you want when you need it. Your estate plan is a snapshot of you, your family, your assets and the tax laws in effect at the time it was created. All of these change over time, and so should your plan. It is unreasonable to expect the simple will written when you were a newlywed to be effective now that you have a growing family, or now that you are divorced from your spouse, or now that you are retired and have an ever-increasing swarm of grandchildren! Over the course of your lifetime, your estate plan will need check-ups, maintenance, tweaking, maybe even replacing.

So, how do you know when it's time to give your estate plan a check-up? Well, instead of having mileage checkpoints, your estate plan has event checkpoints. Generally, any change in your personal, family, financial or health situation, or a change in the tax laws, could prompt a change in your estate plan. Use the list at the end of this newsletter to guide you.

It's a good idea to review your estate plan every year. Set aside a specific time every year (your birthday, anniversary, family gathering) to review it. Keep these events in mind each time you read through your documents. If you think a change may be in order, don't write on your actual document; contact your attorney. Most changes can be handled by a simple amendment that is attached to your current will or trust.

Planning Tip: Like your car, your estate plan needs regular "servicing." Set aside a specific time every year (your birthday, anniversary, family gathering) to review it. Become familiar with it. Keep it current so it will perform the way you want when you need it.

What Do You Do with Your Estate Plan?
Think for a few moments about what would happen if you became incapacitated or died today. Would your spouse, family and successor trustees know what to do?

Continue reading "When Is It Time to "Service" Your Estate Plan?" »

While in Florida a lawyer is not required to create a valid deed like a ladybird deed or Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed it may be a good idea to have a lawyer or attorney review these specific document because of their propensity for errors and the bad or unexpected outcome that would occur with an invalid or incorrect Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed.
1. A lawyer can check to make sure that the deeds are executed with the formality required under Florida Statutes.

2. That an Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed is the best method of accomplishing your goals. With property with larger mortgages, a deed of this type may not be the best or most affordable method for transferring the property upon the death of the owners because of the mortgage taxes in Florida.

3. In addition, some of the forms and Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deeds that I have seen do not properly deal with the property upon death and title companies have been known to require a probate before they will issue a new title policy. This can cost the family thousands of dollars on a homestead and up to 3 percent of the value of the home on non-homestead properties.

4. Prevent a portion of the property from lapsing, Florida's anti-lapse statute deals with devises by will and in trusts but would not protect an interest in a property that was given to an individual who predeceased the grantor of the deed. Because a Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed is a contingent gift, it is possible that the remainder interest would be directed back to the estate of the grantor in a case were the contingent remainder beneficiary of the deed was to predecease the grantor.

5. The most important reason to use a lawyer with a Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed deals with the circumstances surrounding the use of this type of deed. Often when a lawyer prepares these deeds they the process will cause them to evaluate the other financial, estate planning, elder law, and Medicaid planning that are found when these deeds are used. Paying a lawyer who is familiar with these issues to prepare your deed is a good way to have your personal circumstances and issues evaluated at the same time.

If you would like more information on a Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer who is familiar with these issues.

One of the most common questions people ask about Florida Lady Bird Deeds (Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deeds) is whether upon the death of the grantor, the contingent beneficiaries receive a stepped up basis like they would receive if the property was to transfer under a will.

Under Section 2036 of the IRS code, the life estate portion of the Lady Bird Deed causes inclusion in the estate of the decedent. Because of the taxable inclusion in the state there is stepped up basis under the Internal Revenue Code. It is possible that this section of the code might be changed at some time in the future and you should verify this with your tax professional.

Generally, elderly parents want to remain living in their own home. However, remaining in the home becomes a concern when children see their parents slowing down, perhaps even having trouble with handling stairs and doing general daily activities. Yet, with parents' mental and physical health currently not creating problems, there seems to be no imminent need to search out support services or other accommodations for aging parents.

This is now the time to evaluate the home to make it safe and secure for your loved ones -- now and in the near future -- in anticipation of aging disabilities that may occur. Help and support are available. The nation as a whole is more aware of elderly needs and services and products are becoming available at an outstanding pace.

Continue reading "Keeping Mom and Dad Safe at Home" »

David A. Atraus, a Nevada Estate Planning Lawyer, has published a book titled Faith-Based Estate Planning: Our Values and Valuables. The book was written after contacting hundreds of religious clergy throughout the nation, and took him several years to write.

Upon a first glance, I was very impressed. The book covers Estate Planning issues like living trusts, wills, medical directives, long-term care insurance and life insurance on many religions including Baha'i, Buddhism, Christianity (10 denominations and branches), and 12 more religions from Roman Catholic to Judaism to Zoroastrianism.

It looks very comprehensive and I expect to write more on the book in the future.

SB 1718 & HB 5117 dealing with funding the court would create new filing fees in probate and Guardianship cases that would range from $1,000 to $5,000, depending on the value of the estate of the person being protected.

The increase in filing fees is linked to probate cases but includes all guardianship proceedings. In addition to the current fee of $280, the additional fees will be tied to the person’s estate. Depending on the value of the estate and whether the House or Senate version of the legislation prevails, the additional cost could range from $1,000, to as high as $5,000 if the person being cared for has a large estate.

If you have been waiting to start a Florida Probate or Guardianship proceeding, now may be the time start before the fees increase.

Update:
Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.

The Palm Beach Post.com has an article which describes a recent trend in Annuities in which scammers sell and churn an insurance policy sold as an annuity in which there are very high surrender fees and limited access to the money for 10 or more years. These policies are being sold to 85 year old individuals as investments when they cannot touch the money for more than 10 years and have very high surrender fees if they do.

Most reputable annuity policies, they say, allow access to the money after just 90 days and require no more than a 5 percent surrender fee, and nothing after five years.

Senate Bill 2520 and House Bill 141 seek to protect Floridians who are 65 and over from annuity scam artists by easing access to the assets and decreasing excessive withdrawal payments. The legislation says that "senior consumers diagnosed as having a terminal illness that will result in death within two years after the diagnosis" could "withdraw all purchase payments from an annuity contract prior to the expiration of the surrender charge period without penalty."

Recently we have begun seeing a trend in these types of annuities being marketed towards lawyers, doctors and other professionals as "safe investments" Given the high commission paid and the tendency of the agents to churn the assets into other annuities, it would be nice if this bill would do something to protect others from these life insurance investments.

One very useful Medicaid planning technique involves the creation of an irrevocable Medicaid Asset Protection Trust. With a Medicaid Asset Protection Trust a person or couple can transfer some of their property to the trust to hold and manage for their benefit during their live with the remainder paid to their family after their death.

Example: David and Beth have assets in their savings and stock accounts of $250,000. They currently live off income from their investments, social security, and other retirement benefits. They are concerned that if they need nursing home care they will not have enough money to support their lifestyle and pay for the medical expenses for the remainder of their life.

Solution: David and Beth decide to transfer $150,000 to a Medicaid Asset Protection Trust. The trust provides that all income is paid to them while alive and in the event one needs nursing home coverage under Medicaid the income is paid to the other. Upon the death of the surviving spouse, the trust will terminate and distribute the remainder to their children. By using this type of irrevocable trust their assets are protected and they receive an income stream for their lives.

Potential Problems: The gift to the Medicaid Asset Protection Trust can cause a period of ineligibility for Medicaid benefits. The length of the ineligibility period depends upon 1) the value of the assets given away and 2) The date the assets were given away. After the ineligibility period, the assets in the Medicaid Asset Protection Trust should be protected and not counted as a disqualifying asset for Medicaid planning purposes. In addition, this removes the assets from the reach of the spouses.

A Medicaid Asset Protection Trust is not for everyone, but it can be a means of protecting a family's financial security. These trusts can be complicated and must be tailored to the families resources and needs. It is important that you use a Florida Elder law attorney who is familiar with the Florida Medicaid laws and who has experience in creating this type of trust.

Please note: The Irrevocable Medicaid Asset Protection Trust is not the same as a "revocable trust", "revocable living trust" or "living trust" that is currently being sold through Trust Seminars.

Contact us by email or at (904) 685-1200 for more information.

As our population continues to age, more and more individuals are concerned about how they will pay for care as they get older. Often individuals and families find that they are unable to take care of themselves and need assistance.

As medical costs have continued to rise, so have the costs of home health care. As a result we are seeing more individuals need the assistance of Medicaid. Too often we find individuals who have received advise from family members, friends, and professionals who do not understand Medicaid and only deal with elder law or estate planning issues. While it may be great to avoid the costs and fees associated with probate, what if you end up being disqualified from Nursing home coverage. This could cost far more than the savings on probate.

Florida is a great state to live at the time you need Medicaid coverage because of the large exemption allowed on one's home. Generally you can protect up to $500,000 of equity in a Florida homestead. Unfortunately in an effort to save a few thousand dollars many individuals transfer a partial ownership in the property to their children with rights of survivorship. Often this is done with a life estate deed.

This can cause many problems for the owner in the event they ever need nursing home coverage. There is way to accomplish similar results without risking the tax detriments, gifting issues, loss of control, and Medicaid eligibility - us a Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed.

Michael Bonasera with the Ohio Trust and Estate Blog recently wrote a on a similar topic Avoiding Probate vs Avoiding Taxes vs Medicaid Eligibility

If you would like a review of your estate planning that takes into account Elder law, Medicaid planning, as well as probate and tax issues Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer who is familiar with Estate Planning and Medicaid Planning

Update:
Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.

First there were Amber Alerts, now Florida along with a dozen other states have adopted the Silver Alert. A Silver Alert is circulated when a person 60 or older who suffers from Alzheimer's, dementia, or another cognitive impairment goes missing.There is legislation creating a national program that is pending in Congress. So far Florida has issued 19 bulletins and all 19 have been found. One feature of the Florida program is an automated phone call to every residence within a one-mile radius of the missing person’s home.

There seems to be articles misquoting the Suspension of RMDs by Congress. Congress has not suspended the 2008 RMDs. As of this time The Worker, Retiree, and Employer Recovery Act of 2008 is awaiting the President's signature.

One of the provisions of the bill is the suspension of required minimum distributions (RMDs) for 2009 ONLY.
This applies to all RMDs from IRAs and employer plans for account owners AND beneficiaries. This temporary suspension will not affect an individual’s required beginning date. An individual who turns 70 ½ in 2008 and chooses to defer their first distribution to April 1, 2009 must still take that distribution.

Non-spouse Beneficiary Rollovers from Employer Plans Made Mandatory
A non-spouse beneficiary direct rollover provision mandatory for employer plans. All employer plans will be required to allow these direct rollovers to properly titled inherited IRAs after December 31, 2009.

Senior citizens in Florida are being warned to think before going to financial planning seminars and estate-preservation workshops that offer a “free lunch” or "free dinner" to lure seniors to attend.

The Florida AG's Office has received more than a dozen complaints from seniors enticed to attend a free meal that actually turned out to be a high-pressure sales pitch for investments that may be entirely inappropriate based on age and financial circumstance.

In quoting Attorney General Bill McCollum, the Naples Daily News reported that “The last thing our seniors need during this economic climate when their retirement savings may be dwindling is an investment scam that further depletes that nest egg”. “Too many of our seniors are finding that these free meals can cost them dearly.” The invitations often arrive by phone or mail and promise tips on earning great financial returns with minimal risk, eliminating taxes or avoiding probate. After a high-pressure presentation, salespeople then try to schedule follow-up visits in the homes of those who attend so they can continue the pitch. In addition to losing money, consumers who complained to the Attorney General reported being badgered by many unsolicited phone calls and frustrated by misrepresentation of the seminar’s purpose.

Leanna Hamill, a Massachusetts Estate Planning and Elder Law Attorney, has an article on a new website Videocaregiving.org. She states that the videos are designed to be short, simple, and direct. They easily accessed by users 24 hours a day and cover the tasks and daily activities for caregivers.

If you need help with a Florida Medicaid Application Contact a Florida Elder Law Attorney

A Michigan Estate Planning Lawyer Blog has written another article on Problems with Michigan Trust Kits. While we have reported on these issues many times in Florida, there appear to be similar problems in other states. Christopher Berry, a Michigan Estate Planning Attorney, points out that Michigan citizens have lost over $200,000 because of poorly drafted Revocable Trust .

In addition, many of these Estate Planning Kits do not take Elder law issues into account when filling out the generic forms for individuals and their families. Please contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your individual needs.

The National Care Planning Councel has an article on Elder Law Mediation as a non-adversarial approach to solving disputes. Mediation is a process of bringing two or more disputing parties together and having them mutually negotiate a solution to their disagreement. The mediator is not a judge and does not render a decision but is there to make sure that communication flows freely between the disputing parties. Elder Mediators are trained in the art of negotiating resolutions between elderly parents and family members.

Mediation can achieve results that the family by itself may not be capable of realizing or have the expertise of achieving. Here are some reasons that make Elder Mediation so valuable.

• A trained expert on communication gives the family a perspective it could not gain by meeting together on its own; • All family members involved meet and prevent problems from arising by anticipating situations that may cause disputes; • Allows for the mediator to invite experts such as care managers or other care providers into the meeting to educate the family and give them a new perspective; • Allows parents to focus on their abilities rather than their limitations; • Allows children to come up with and consider options not thought of previously; • Encourages uninvolved family members to become involved; • Allows parents to express wishes and desires that had previously gone unuttered; • Allows for a neutral third party to challenge family members and make them take responsibility for their actions; • Promotes consensus of all involved which in turn creates a much higher rate of compliance with the plan than with any other process; (the success rate for compliance with elder mediation is estimated to be about 80% to 85%) • Requires a written plan with specific responsibilities which makes compliance feasible.

The FDIC has extended FULL insurance coverage to all Florida IOTA trust accounts, regardless of amount on deposit or number of clients. The unlimited FDIC insurance is available at all financial institutions that participate in the FDIC's Transaction Account Guarantee Program. Please make sure that you comply with the trust accounting rules by placing all short term or nominal funds of clients and third parties in your IOTA trust account. Those funds, which are incapable of generating income for individuals, in excess of the costs to secure that income, are pooled in IOTA accounts the interest from which provides legal services for the poor and other law-related public interest programs approved by the Florida Supreme Court. If you have any questions about your ethical responsibilities relating to your trust account, please call the Bar's Ethics and Advertising Department at (800) 235-8619. If you have any questions about the mechanics of setting up an IOTA trust account or how the IOTA funds are used, please call The Florida Bar Foundation at (800) 541-2195.

The 16th annual River Garden Gala will be held on Saturday November 8th, 2008 at the Sawgrass Marriott Resort.

The Sawgrass Marriott Resort is at 1000, PGA Tour Boulevard, Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida.

This event is to benefit River Garden Wolfson Health & Aging Center and is a Black Tie event for more information on the fund raiser call (904) 262-1818, ext. 222.

Florida Statute 193.1556 requires that any changes regarding a person or entity owning real property under Florida Statute 193.1554 or Florida Statute 193.1555 are reported to the property appraiser.

This may affect some Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deeds. Under Florida Statute 193.1554(5), If the property is nonhomestead residential property, there is an exemption for the transfer between husband and wife, including transfer to a surviving spouse or a transfer due to a dissolution of marriage. The transfer to a revocable trust will not trigger a new assessment at fair market value.

On the other hand for all residential and non-residential property which is not protected by homestead there doesn't appear to be the same exemption under Florida Statute 193.1555(5).

In either case the transfer to a Florida Revocable Trust where there is simply a change between legal and equitable title, will not trigger a new assessment at fair market value.

One new issue is that it is now required to report a change in ownership or control when a business entity owns property. In the past, many were able to sell an entity and no notice to re-evaluate the taxable base would be generated. Now if you convert real property to personal property by selling the ownership in an LLC instead of the real estate holdings of the LLC, you still have to report the change in ownership.

To read more on Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deeds or Florida Revocable Living Trusts read some of the articles on this site or Contact a Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer

POWERS OF THE ATTORNEY IN FACT AND LIMITATIONS IN FLORIDA

Except as otherwise limited by statute (below), by other applicable law, or by the durable power of attorney, the attorney in fact has full authority to perform, without prior court approval, every act authorized and specifically enumerated in the durable power of attorney. Such authorization may not include:

1. Perform duties under a contract that requires the exercise of personal services of the principal;
2. Make any affidavit as to the personal knowledge of the principal;
3. Vote in any public election on behalf of the principal;
4. Execute or revoke any will or codicil for the principal;
5. Create, amend, modify, or revoke any document or other disposition effective at the principal's death or transfer assets to an existing trust created by the principal unless expressly authorized by the power of attorney; or
6. Exercise powers and authority granted to the principal as trustee or as court-appointed fiduciary.

PROPERTY SUBJECT TO DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY IN FLORIDA.
Unless otherwise stated in the Florida durable power of attorney, the durable power of attorney applies to any interest in property owned by the principal, including, without limitation, the Principal's interest in all real property, including homestead real property; all personal property, tangible or intangible; all property held in any type of joint tenancy, including a tenancy in common, joint tenancy with right of survivorship, or a tenancy by the entirety; all property over which the principal holds a general, limited, or special power of appointment; chooses in action; and all other contractual or statutory rights or elections, including, but not limited to, any rights or elections in any probate or similar proceeding to which the principal is or may become entitled.

If you have questions about the validity or scope of your Florida Durable Power of Attorney Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer

Once an Agent (Attorney in fact) receives written notice which requires a signature, their powers under the Durable Power of Attorney are suspended until the court determines incapacity. The court may reinstate the Durable Power of Attorney for an emergency, when a petition if file upon the court showing the nature of the emergency, the property or matter involved, and the power to be exercised by the attorney in fact.

Notwithstanding the provisions above, a proceeding to determine incapacity must not affect any authority of the attorney in fact to make health care decisions for the principal, including, but not limited to, those defined in chapter 765, unless otherwise ordered by the court. If the principal has executed a health care advance directive designating a health care surrogate pursuant to chapter 765, the terms of the directive will control if the two documents are in conflict unless the durable power of attorney is later executed and expressly states otherwise.

If the person has not received written notice of the proceeding for which they were required to sign for, any third party may rely upon the authority granted in a durable power of attorney that is not conditioned on the principal's lack of capacity to manage property until the third party has received the required notice. A third party may, but need not, require the attorney in fact to execute an affidavit.

If the Durable Power of Attorney is deployment contingent, any third party may rely upon the authority granted in a durable power of attorney to manage property as defined in Florida Statute 744.102(11)(a) only after receiving the affidavits provided in paragraphs (c) and (d), and such reliance shall end when the third party has received notice.

Continue reading "Guardianship and Durable Power of Attorney in Florida" »

A Miller Trust is a irrevocable qualified income trust used for Florida Medicaid planning. Generally, when an individuals income is over the limits a Miller trust or Medicaid Qualified Income Trust can help.

Generally a Medicaid Qualified Income Trust will distribute your income in such a way that your income will not disqualify you.

If your live in Florida and you do not qualify for Medicaid coverage because your income is over the limits, Contact a Florida Elder Law Attorney

Where can I get a Form for Florida Lady Bird Deed is a question that I am often asked. Florida Lady Bird Deeds are generally not available on the Internet because not many Florida Lawyers even know what they are. They are also far more complex than a regular deed.

I have seen several cases where clients used Ladybird deed that were not acceptable to Title insurance companies and the families had to open probate cases to clear the title on the property after the death of the grantor.

Because of this when we created our deeds we went to many title companies to get their feedback and modified our deed and they way they are filed to be in compliance with the title companies requirements.

In addition the language that is used on the remainder interest is very important because it is possible that the person named might not survive the original owner. If the wrong language is used, the property will revert back to the original owners estate and could potentially be subject to the claims of the creditors and Medicaid liens. They are often used in Florida Medicaid Planning.

If you need a Ladybird deed in Florida, you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer who is familiar with Ladybird deeds.

What happens if Grandpa needs to Nursing home coverage and he owns a Class3 weapon like a Machine Gun?

Class 3 weapons or those controlled by the National Firearms Act are not exempt assets when it comes to Medicaid Planning.

There are ways to preserve these assets for your family but it involves converting the asset from an exempt asset to a non-exempt asset. On my other blog, Gun Trust Lawyer I wrote a Gun Trust Information article addressing this issue.

If you or your family has a person who needs nursing home coverage and they have war relics which may include a Machine Gun you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your situation.

Although there are no current verdicts against Florida Companies, many states have taken action against living Trust Scams / Trust Mills / and Elder Law Planning Seminars. Michael Bonasera of Buckingham Doolittle & Burroughs, LLP and author of the The Ohio Trust & Estate Blog wrote an article titled Living Trust Scams/Trust Mills/Elderlaw Planning Seminars - STAY AWAY! where he mentions a previous posting on this Blog, Florida Estate Planning Lawyers Blog, on a similar topic dealing with a Texarkana Arkansas class action suit.
I thought I would start a list of Living Trust Scam Articles and resources on my blog.

1. Texarkana Arkansas Living Trust Seminar Class Action suit
2. California Living Trust Mill Judgment
3.Texas Bar story reported by Professor Beyer of Wills, Trusts & Estates Prof Blog- Living trust Scams and Senior Consumer
4. Michael Bonasera wrote an article titledLiving Trust Scams/Trust Mills/Elderlaw Planning Seminars - STAY AWAY! where he Ohio's history with Trust Mills and cites a case Ohio Trust Mill Case of Cleveland Bar v Sharp Estate Services, Inc. which seems to have ended Trust Mills in Ohio.
5. Minnesota Sues "Trust Mills" on Consumeraffairs.com
6. Beware of Trust Mills when Estate Planning - by Randall Armour, CA Lawyer- reported on by Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog
7. Don’t Trust the “Trust Mills”, Traci D. Ellis Esquire

If anyone has heard of additional Living Trust Scam / Trust Mill or Elderlaw planning Seminar articles please contact me and let me know and I will update the list.

There are many places to get advice on the Internet. Be sure when you are looking for legal advice, you are working with a licensed lawyer. Below is the finding of the Ohio State Bar in regards to one such service.

We the People is a franchise that provides forms and help in legal matters including wills, trusts, divorces, bankruptcy and other areas of law.

The Ohio State Bar found that they were practicing law without a license because they were owned and operated by attorneys not licenced in Ohio and advised individuals with respect to the completion of forms for filing a personal bankruptcy, application of probate, advising individuals on how to complete the forms and what answers to put down, directing individuals to execute documents and charging them for services, instructing completion of forms in disregard for proper procedures and determination by the Bankruptcy Court that the filing was incomplete, preparation of unnecessary and incorrect form for administration of an estate, preparing improperly completed forms for a bankruptcy, issuing advertisements, and advertising the preparation of services for living trusts, wills, powers of attorney, and incorporation's.

They were enjoined form further engaging in the unauthorized practice of law and from damaging members of the public and fined $10,00 per occurrence as a civil penalty as well as court costs.

To read more download the case Ohio State Bar Association v. Martin et al., No. 2007-1939, 2008 Ohio 1809; 2008 Ohio Lexis 1024 (April 23, 2008)

A *Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed or Florida LadyBird Deed is designed to pass the property if any to a person upon the death of the life tenant while allowing the life tenant to do anything during their life.

What happens if the person named in the remainder interest predeceases the life tenant?
This is
From A to B for life (with enhanced powers) remainder to C.
If C dies before B, and then B dies the property will revert to A or A's Estate upon B's Death.

This can be problematic when claims are potential claims against A's estate.

Solutions:
1) When C dies, B should change the Enhanced Life Estate Deed
2) create the deed in such a way that the language of the deed specifies that the property does not go back to A or A's heirs

If you need a Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed or Florida LadyBird Deed Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to create a deed that serves your needs and minimizes your risks.

Last Sunday April 13, Dateline NBC had a story on tricks insurance agents use to sell insurance policies to our nations seniors. Insurance is a $14 trillion dollar business. They used hidden cameras. For those of you who missed it, here is a link to the transcript of the show. Here is a link ot a video of some of the interviews on the show.

In Florida, the Life tenant is generally responsible for the costs of repairs, but the remaindermen are responsible for the payments for improvements to the property.

If the life tenant paid for the costs of improvements on a property, this would constitute an uncompensated transfer or gift which could result in a period of ineligibility for Medicaid.

If repairs are being done on the property, it is important to have he contractor and suppliers specify that everything is begin done as a repair to avoid the possibility of the DCF worker classifying it as an improvement and creating a gift.

Before making repairs on a life estate, you should make sure that the act will not disqualify your family member from coverage. Please Contact a Florida Elder Law Lawyer to discuss your situation and Florida Medicaid Planning.

The Miami Herald reported that Florida lawmakers on Wednesday added language to a state budget companion bill (HB 5085) that would expand a Medicaid pilot program that shifts some beneficiaries to private managed care plans, such as health maintenance organizations, the Miami Herald reports. The bill seeks to expand the pilot program to nine additional counties in 2010. Critics of the pilot program say that many beneficiaries have had difficulty finding a health plan that meets their needs and that it is not clear the program saved money or improved care. The state Agency for Health Care Administration had said it would not ask lawmakers to expand the program this year, after the agency's inspector general acknowledged problems with the pilot. However, the agency's new secretary, Holly Benson, supports expanding the Medicaid overhaul more quickly, and state Reps. Bill Galvano (R) and Aaron Bean (R) are pushing for further expansion of the program. Galvano said officials are learning from the pilot program and will make adjustments accordingly.

As we get older long term care insurance premiums can become expensive. To qualify for a deduction on the insurance costs the policy must be a "qualified policy" as defined by the IRS.

A qualified policy is one issued after January 1, 1997 that adheres to certain regulations established by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Policies purchased before January 1, 1997 may still be treated as "qualified" if they are approved by the insurance commissioner of the state where it was sold.

If you policy is qualified then premiums are treated as un-remibursed medical expenses for income tax purposes. To qualify for the deduction of the premiums these un-reimburesed medical expenses must exceed 7.5 percent of the adjusted gross income. In determininging whether you meet the threashold you can use the lesser of the premium paid or the value. If on 12/31/2008 you are:

- 40 or under, the maximum portion of your long term care insurance premium considered "health insurance premiums" is $310.
- Between 41 and 50, the maximum portion of your long term care insurance premium considered "health insurance premiums" is $580.
- Between 51 and 60, the maximum portion of your long term care insurance premium considered "health insurance premiums" is $1,150.
- Between 61 and 70, the maximum portion of your long term care insurance premium considered "health insurance premiums" is $3,080.
- Over 70, the maximum portion of your long term care insurance premium considered "health insurance premiums" is $3,850.

The JC FLorida reported on recent cuts on proposed cuts in state funding.

This week both the Senate Health and Human Services Appropriations Committee and the House Health care Council introduced their 2008-09 budgets. The Senate reduced nursing home funding $163 million and the House reduced funding $278 million.

Florida legislators approved landmark elder-care facility reform legislation in 2001 that mandated increased minimum staffing requirements, tougher regulation and quality improvement, and risk management programs. Since then, nursing home quality has steadily improved. Now, Medicaid funding cuts threaten this progress and the vulnerable elderly who have nowhere else to go.

Today, Florida’s nursing home staffing standards are one of the highest in the nation. The Florida Legislature has funded these required staffing increases, but the new Medicaid rates effective Jan. 1, 2008, cut funding by an annualized $75 million, eliminating the funding received for the Jan. 1, 2007 mandatory nurse and certified nurses’ aide staffing increases.

Florida and The Medicaid Look Back Period -"Why you Can't Just Give It All Away"

Many people simply try to give their assets away to their children in an attempt to safeguard their estate. The Medicaid people have caught on to this. Many years ago, a popular planning technique was to transfer your assets into an irrevocable Medicaid Trust. This technique attempted to move your assets out of your name and control so that the would not be counted towards the asset test. Now any transfer to a Florida Revocable Trust is a disqualifying transfer for Medicaid purposes.

In 1993, the federal government partially closed this loop hole. Prior to February 2006, there were "look back" periods of 36 months or 60 months. Florida implemented these guidelines as of November 2007. This means is that if you have transferred assets to anyone other than your spouse (for less than value) within 36 months of applying for Medicaid, you will be denied Medicaid benefits and subject to an exclusionary period. The exclusionary period is equal, in months, to the dollar amount of the transfers divided by the average cost of a month of nursing home care (currently $3,300.00 in Florida). It is important to note that this number was rounded down and the exclusionary period was calculated from the date of the gift.

In February of 2006, the law changed! The Federal government has radically altered Medicaid qualification with the passage of the Debt Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA 2005). This law only applies to any transfer of assets after February 8, 2006 though the Department of Children and Families will enforce these and the other provisions of DRA 2005 only on asset transfers after November 2007. The "look back" period is now five years (60 months) for everyone. If you have transferred any assets for less than fair market value after November 2007, they will sum up the total of the transfers and divide by $3300. The resulting number is the number of months that you are disqualified from receiving Medicaid benefits from the time you apply for Medicaid. While it is impossible to know who will have a long term care event five years before it happens, do not transfer any assets after February 8, 2006. This includes gifts to your children, a charity or a church. You could be in a nursing home and private pay for three years (roughly $220,000) and still be denied benefits because you gave your church $5,000 four and a half years ago! Furthermore, DCF will no longer round down. This means any gift, no matter the value, will result in a disqualification period!

Gifts or transfers prior to November 2007 can be remedied by time. The current rate is $5000 for each month. You should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss how your specific needs are affected by any transfers.

Transfers include adding children's names to the title of assets such as deeds or bank accounts, removing your name from the title of an asset, or simply giving your children a check.

* Example: John adds his adult children, Beth and David, to the deed to his house within five years (60 months) of applying for Medicaid. The house is worth $132,000. Providing John remains on the deed as well and resides in the house, his portion would be exempt (Homestead). However, the portion transferred ($99,000 or 2/3 of $132,000) would not be exempt providing that the children did not reside with her and provide care for her. Thus, John would be denied benefits for a period of 30 months ($99,000/$3,300) from the time of application. Remember, the homestead is not counted. It is exempt. So there is no need to transfer it to your children.

Often clients do these types of transfers to avoid probate. There are other ways of accomplishing the goal of avoiding Florida Probate without risking the Medicaid ineligibility.

If you are a concerned relative or friend of an elderly person and need help with Florida Estate Planning, Elder Law, or Medicaid and are in the Jacksonville, Orange Park, St. Augustine, Fernandina Beach areas of North Florida, you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your Medicaid and Florida Estate Planning needs.

The Medicaid Asset Test

If you qualify under the income test or can create a Qualified Income Trust (QIT) you must still pass the Medicaid asset test. This test can be the most daunting and confusing. First, you must know the asset test limits. These vary between single and married individuals. The reason for this is so that a survivor of a Medicaid recipient is not left destitute by the spend down (more on this in a moment). The asset test level for an individual is $2,000 in countable assets and $104,000 (2008) in countable assets for a community spouse who not in a nursing home facility. For married couples, both persons must qualify under the asset test.

Second, you must understand the difference between exempt (countable) and non-exempt assets (non-countable). Exempt assets do not count towards the asset test limits and non-exempt assets do count towards the asset test limits. The following are exempt assets:

* Homestead of any value (with some limitations)
* First Car of any value
* Second car if >7 years old but <25 years old. (Cannot be a luxury car)
* Life Insurance up to $2500 or cash value of Life insurance if in face value is in excess of $2,500
* Burial Plots for you and your spouse and others in your name ($2,500 each)
* Household and personal belongings
* Irrevocable Burial Contracts
* The principal in certain annuities and IRAs or other qualified plans

What happens if you (and your spouse's assets) are over the asset test limits? You will have to "spend down" until you qualify. In other words, you will have to spend your own assets on you or your spouse's nursing home care until such time as they are below the asset test limits and you can qualify. Some call this the "Pre-Death Tax".

However, there still are some things that you can do. Just as the income test had planning alternatives, so does the asset test. But first you need to know some other rules concerning the asset test.

If you are a concerned relative or friend of an elderly person and need help with Estate Planning, Elder Law, or Medicaid and are in the Jacksonville, Orange Park, St. Augustine, Fernandina Beach, you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer or Jacksonville Elder Law Lawyer.

I am currently in Shanghai China for the next 5 days and then heading to Osaka and Tokyo for 3 nights each. I am planning to keep posting new issues to my blog while I am gone. In addition, I will be responding to emails and will be available over my VOIP number for calls or issues that need immediate attention. Feel free to continue to send in your questions. I wanted to apologize upfront for any additional delay in responses. Please be conscientious that it is 12 hours ahead of EST and this along with being on vacation means I will typically respond to any issues between 8AM - 12 PM EST or 8PM to -12AM my time.

Miller v. Goodall, 958 So. 2d 952 (Fla. 4th DCA April 25, 2007)

A daughter filed a petition to determine her mother’s incapacity and be appointed as guardian.

The ward’s sister (daughter's aunt) also filed a petition seeking to be appointed as plenary guardian.

The court denied the sister’s petition and instead appointed a third party attorney as plenary guardian.
The sister appealed the case on two grounds, arguing:

1) the court lacked personal jurisdiction over the ward, and
2) the court erred by not complying with the ward’s preneed guardianship declaration that named the sister as guardian.

The appellate court noted the trial judge had also considered section 744.3124, Florida Statutes which states the court shall appoint a preneed guardian "unless the court determines that appointing such person is contrary to the best interests of the ward" and had specifically found it was contrary to the ward’s best interests to appoint her sister.

Many individuals have long term care insurance to help with nursing home and assisted living costs. Generally long term care insurance is considered a good investment when individuals are healthy can afford the premiums. Rarely does having long term care insurance lead to a negative result.

Things might have changed in Florida with outcome of a recent caseRosenshein v. Florida Department of Children (Fla. Ct. App., 3rd Dist., No. 3D07-989, Oct. 24, 2007). The Appeals court agreed with the state's determination that payments received from a long-term care insurance policy are income. This income can create an ineligibility for Medicaid benefits.

What does this mean for your current long-term care policy? Should you abandon long term care insurance to help pay for nursing home costs? I don't think so. You do need to evaluate the way in which your policy is written and how benefits are paid to avoid this type of outcome. If you would like your long-term care policy reviewed you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to review your policy in light of the outcome of Rosenshein v. Florida Department of Children.

This topic was covered by SeniorLaw Link on December 17, 2007 in an article by Richard Shea, a CT Estate Planning and Elder Law Attorney

Recently we have notice that Hospice organizations are refusing to allow people to visit relatives or friends while under the care of Hospice.

In these cases, the people were turned away because someone with a Power of Attorney was able to state that the person was not wanted.

It is important to remember that a Power of Attorney or Durable Power of Attorney give an agent the right to act in certain circumstances. In Florida, a Power of Attorney does not give someone the right to make decisions regarding where they are located, who they can visit, or who they can talk to.

It is possible to make these decisions for an individual, but only when someone has been appointed as their Florida Guardianship. Even if someone is the Florida Guardian they may not have these rights.

If you have a loved one and you are being prevented from seeing them because of a Power of Attorney you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your situation.

Florida judge who presided over the Terri Schiavo case until her death, has a new assignment. He no longer judges Florida Guardianship cases. He judges divorce cases.

The Judges transfer from Florida Probate and Florida Guardianship court to family court should allow Judge Greer who is now 65 to serve the next three years in obscurity before his retirement.

Judge Greer is nationally famous and has 20 honors displayed in his chambers. The largest is the 2005 President's Award of Merit from the Florida Bar, "for your unswerving commitment to the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary and the fundamentals of American democracy."

With the recent cases like Britney Spears competency hearing, many have found the need for a Durable Power of Attorney and the Schiavo case is a good reason people need a Florida Living Will. After all if Schiavo had a Florida Living Will she and Judge Greer would not have had the national spotlight. The fight was only because Schiavo did not have a Florida Living Will.

If you would like a Power of Attorney or Florida Living Will please Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your needs.

All Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed or Florida LadyBird Deed are not created Equal.
In the past, I have had clients come to me for help when a title company would not accept the language on an Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed or Florida LadyBird Deed. Each title company has specific language that they look for in the deed. As as result we have had several title companies review our deeds and make recommendations. We took these and complied them into a single form that satisfied all of their requirements.

If the title company is not happy with your current deed, they can refuse to write title insurance. As title insurance is required by every commercial lender in Florida when a home is sold, this can create a problem when you want to sell your home. In some cases, we have had to open or reopen a probate case to get the judge to issue an order to clear up the title concerns.

Often these deeds are used to avoid the delays and expenses of Florida Probate, not create ineligibility periods for medicaid, allow for stepped up basis, and not create unnecessary gift tax. If you would like to create an Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed or Florida LadyBird Deed or have your deed reviewed please Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Fifty-four nursing homes Located 35 states including Florida are being told by the government that they’re among the worst in their states in an effort to get them to improve patient care.

The homes in question are among more than 120 designated as a “special focus facility.” CMS began using the designation about a decade ago to identify homes that merit more oversight. For these homes, states conduct inspections at six month intervals rather than annually.

For a list of the homes that performed poorly in your state continue reading

Continue reading "Would you put your mother here?" »

When considering getting married for the second time, or to someone with a prior family it is important to consider Estate Planning, Long-Term Care, the family home, Social Security, Alimony, Survivor's Annuities, and College Financial aid as an article on Forbes has reported.

Florida Estate Planning becomes very important when there are children from outside the current marriage. A spouse in Florida is entitled to a 30% share of all assets unless there is a prenuptial or post nuptial waiver.

in addition aFlorida Revocable Trust or prenuptial agreement might not keep a spouse from being responsible for long-term care and can have an effect on Florida Medicaid Planning and Eligibility

The Florida Supreme court has said that a spouse may wave their rights to a family home, but the constitutional rights of the Florida Homestead are very strong and should be considered.

Social Security needs to be considered an the benefits from former will be affected by remarrying before the age of 60. After age 60 you may be able to collect benefits from a new spouse if those benefits are higher.

Alimony and Survivor's Annuities will likely end if you remarry.

College Financial Aid might be affected if the income of the family changes.

For more information on Florida Estate Planning Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Although there are no current verdicts against Florida Companies, many states have taken action against living Trust Scams / Trust Mills / and Elder Law Planning Seminars. Michael Bonasera of Buckingham Doolittle & Burroughs, LLP and author of the The Ohio Trust & Estate Blog wrote an article titled Living Trust Scams/Trust Mills/Elderlaw Planning Seminars - STAY AWAY! where he mentions a previous posting on this Blog, Florida Estate Planning Lawyers Blog, on a similar topic dealing with a Texarkana Arkansas class action suit.
I thought I would start a list of Living Trust Scam Articles and resources on my blog.

1. Texarkana Arkansas Living Trust Seminar Class Action suit
2. California Living Trust Mill Judgment
3.Texas Bar story reported by Professor Beyer of Wills, Trusts & Estates Prof Blog- Living trust Scams and Senior Consumer
4. Michael Bonasera wrote an article titledLiving Trust Scams/Trust Mills/Elderlaw Planning Seminars - STAY AWAY! where he Ohio's history with Trust Mills and cites a case Ohio Trust Mill Case of Cleveland Bar v Sharp Estate Services, Inc. which seems to have ended Trust Mills in Ohio.
5. Beware of Trust Mills when Estate Planning - by Randall Armour, CA Lawyer- reported on by Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog

A number of Texarkana residents have filed suit against sellers of living trust documents in a class action accusing the salesmen of exploiting senior citizens. This is similar to what I reported happening in California in December.

A Plaintiff says he purchased a living trust after attending a lunch presentation at a restaurant. He states the document was misrepresented and that if he dies with only these estate-planning documents, his estate will still need to be probated because the living trust failed to factor in his real property in Arkansas.

The living trust sellers are facing allegations of "masquerading as qualified financial advisers, estate planners, lawyers, and paralegals" to "exploit and prey" upon senior citizens with the creation and selling of "unnecessary and often useless" living trusts.

Defendants are accused of fraud, unauthorized practice of law, negligence, breach of fiduciary duty and conspiracy. The suit alleges that the defendants created and sold the living trusts as part of a scheme to gain access to senior citizens' financial information in order to sell annuities and other financial products.

According to the original complaint, the scheme begins with advertisements that persuade senior citizens to attend a free lunch or dinner. At these meetings, the "unlicensed" living trust defendants conduct presentations and distribute materials that misrepresent the impact of probate fees and estate taxes in order to create fear that the senior citizens need to buy a trust to prevent heirs from losing their estate.

These presentations include references to celebrities such as Elvis and describe the large amounts these celebrities have paid in estate taxes. The plaintiffs state these presentations do not include information about the federal estate tax exemption, the sliding scale of the exemption amount, or the possibility of the elimination of future estate taxes.

Further, the presentation does not tell senior citizens with estates larger than the exemption amount that the purchase of these living trusts will not automatically eliminate all estate taxes. The forms and decisions made by the defendants fail to take into account the entire senior's assets and ultimately and fail to serve the legal purpose as presented, argue the plaintiffs.

The plaintiffs claims the presentations convince the senior citizens to use their IRA accounts or other tax-exempt growth products to purchase variable annuities. However, according to the plaintiffs' accusations, the presentations and documents do not demonstrate the redundancy with regard to a variable annuity's tax deferral benefit when purchased in a qualified plan and also do not inform the consumer of the associated fees, surrender charges and commissions associated with these variable annuity products.

These types of programs are everywhere. It is important to use a lawyer who will look at your individual assets and who is not trying to sell you other financial products. To review your estate planning needs contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Part of Florida Elder Law planning and Florida Estate Planning includes planning for funerals. medicare exempts prepaid funeral plans in Florida and many other states. Sam Hasler of the Indiana Civil & Business Lawyer Blog has an article about this. He has an article dealing with the these by a cash purchase and funding them by insurance policy.

Setting up a prepaid funeral trust means going to the funeral home and selecting the sort of funeral you want. Before going to the funeral home, you should read the Federal Trade Commission's Funerals: A Consumer Guide. The FTC's Funeral Home Rule requires a funeral home to display a price list that includes all goods and services the funeral home will provide to the buyer. The funeral trust funds whatever the buyer selects.

I know no one likes to consider Florida Wills, Florida estate planning or funerals, but not doing can leave your survivors making the choices and may leave them in the same position as the Randolph family.

If you will be needing to qualify for government assistance, it is important that your funeral plan will qualify. Please contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer for help in determining eligibility for these programs.

Starting January 1, 2008 every non-spouse designated beneficiary will have the option to rollover an inherited IRA and stretch distributions. To take advantage of this opportunity your Florida estate plan must be setup correctly to qualify for this rollover opportunity. You are not entitled to a rollover, you must prove you meet the technical legal requirements. Let’s take a look at why your family would not qualify for the new IRA rollover opportunity.

The IRS has very specific rules for how a trust can qualify as a see through trust and treated as a designated beneficiary. The top level bullet point requirements are:

The trust must be valid under state law;
The trust must be irrevocable or become irrevocable when the IRA owner dies;
The trust beneficiaries must be identifiable from the trust instrument;
Proper documentation must be provided to the IRA custodian.

The most common issue is the requirement that beneficiaries be identifiable from the trust document. Often trust documents do not contain adequate language to comply with the IRS rule. Make sure you have the proper language to qualify for rollover treatment.

Rollover treatment is a privilege, not a right. Your family will not qualify for rollover treatment if you do not follow the rules in your estate plan. Make sure you and your Florida Estate Planning lawyer or attorney understands the requirements and that your estate plan doesn’t fall apart on this critical issue.

What is "fiduciary responsibility?"
An attorney-in-fact is a fiduciary and as such has a duty to invest and manage the assets of the principal as a prudent investor. This standard requires the attorney-in-fact to exercise reasonable care and caution in managing the assets of the principal. The attorney-in-fact must apply this standard to the overall investments and not to one specific asset. If an attorney-in-fact possesses special financial skills or expertise, he or she has an obligation to use those skills. The attorney-in-fact should keep careful records. Everything the attorney-in- fact does for the principal should be written down, and the attorney-in-fact should keep all receipts and copies of all correspondence, and consider logging phone calls so if the attorney-in-fact is questioned, records are available.

This is the last part on Florida Powers of Attorney Click to review the others . If you need help with a Florida Power of Attorney contact a Jacksonville Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

When does the attorney-in-fact's authority under a Durable Power of Attorney terminate?
The authority of the attorney-in-fact of a Durable Power of Attorney automatically ends when one of three things happens: (1) the principal dies; (2) the principal revokes the Power of Attorney, or (3) when a court determines that the principal is totally or partially incapacitated and does not specifically provide that the Power of Attorney is to remain in force. In any of these three instances, the Durable Power of Attorney is terminated. If, after having knowledge of any of these events, a person continues to act as attorney-in-fact, he or she is acting without authority. The power to make health care decisions, however, is not terminated when a court determines that the principal is totally or partially incapacitated unless the court specifically terminates this power.

What is the procedure for a principal to revoke a Power of Attorney?
Written notice must be served on the attorney-in-fact and any other party who might rely on the power. The notice must be served either by any form of mail that requires a signed receipt or by certain approved methods of personal delivery. Special rules exist for serving notice of revocation on banks and other financial institutions. Consult with your lawyer to be sure proper procedures are followed.

When does a general Power of Attorney terminate?
In addition to the three events detailed above, a general (non-durable) Power of Attorney terminates when the principal becomes incapacitated. If the principal of a non-durable power of attorney is believed to be incapacitated, then the attorney-in-fact should consult with his or her lawyer before exercising any further powers on behalf of the principal.

Court proceedings were filed to appoint a guardian for the principal or to determine whether the principal is incapacitated. How does this affect the Power of Attorney?
If a court proceeding to determine the principal's incapacity has been filed or if someone is seeking to appoint a guardian for the principal, the Durable Power of Attorney is automatically suspended and an attorney-in-fact must not continue to act. The power to make health care decisions, however, is not suspended unless the court specifically suspends this power.

Authority as attorney-in-fact has been suspended because guardianship proceedings are pending for the principal. Now there is an emergency but there is no guardian and no attorney-in-fact to do something. What now?
The attorney-in-fact may ask the court for special permission to take care of the emergency even though the Power of Attorney remains otherwise suspended. Contact your lawyer.

This is the sixth part of a seven part article on Florida Powers of Attorney Click to review the others . If you need help with a Florida Power of Attorney contact a Jacksonville Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

RELATIONSHIP OF POWER OF ATTORNEY TO OTHER LEGAL INSTRUMENTS
What is the difference between an attorney-in-fact and an executor or personal representative?
An executor, termed a "personal representative" in Florida, is the person who takes care of another's estate after that person dies. An attorney-in-fact may only take care of the principal's affairs while the principal is alive. A personal representative may be named in a person's Will and is appointed by the court to administer the estate.

What is the difference between a "trustee" and an "attorney-in- fact?"
Like a power of attorney, a trust may authorize an individual to act for the maker of the trust during the maker's lifetime. Like an attorney-in-fact, the trustee may manage the financial affairs of the maker of the trust. A trustee only has power over an asset that is owned by the trust. In contrast, an attorney-in-fact may have authority over all of the principal's assets (except trust assets). Another important distinction is that a trustee may continue acting for the maker of the trust after the maker of the trust dies. In contrast, the Power of Attorney expires upon the death of the principal.

What if the principal has a "guardian" appointed by the court?
If no less restrictive appropriate alternative is available, then a guardian may be appointed by the court for a person who no longer can care for his or her person or property. A person who has a guardian appointed by the court may not be able to lawfully execute a Power of Attorney. If an attorney-in-fact discovers that a guardian has been appointed prior to the date the principal signed the Power of Attorney, the attorney-in-fact should advise his or her lawyer. If a guardianship court proceeding is begun after the Durable Power of Attorney was signed by the principal, the authority of the attorney-in-fact is automatically suspended until the petition is dismisssed, withdrawn or otherwise acted upon. The law requires that an attorney-in-fact receive notice of the guardianship proceeding. If a guardian is appointed, the Power of Attorney is no longer effective unless the court allows certain powers to continue. The power to make health care decisions, however, is not suspended unless the court specifically suspends this power. If the attorney-in-fact learns that guardianship or incapacity proceedings have been initiated, he or she should consult with a lawyer.

May a Power of Attorney avoid the need for guardianship?
Yes. If the alleged incapacitated person executed a valid Durable Power of Attorney prior to his or her incapacity, it may not be necessary for the court to appoint a guardian since the attorney-in-fact already has the authority to act for the principal. As long as the attorney-in-fact has all necessary powers, it may not be necessary to file guardianship proceedings and, even when filed, guardianship may be averted by showing the court that a Durable Power of Attorney exists and that it is appropriate to allow the attorney-in-fact to act on the principal's behalf.

This is the fourth part of a seven part article on Florida Powers of Attorney Click to review the others . If you need help with a Florida Power of Attorney contact a Jacksonville Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

When is a Durable Power of Attorney effective?
The Durable Power of Attorney is effective as soon as the principal signs it unless the document specifies that it is conditioned on the principal's lack of capacity to manage property in which case appropriate affidavits are required in accordance with Florida law.

Must the principal deliver the Power of Attorney to the attorney- in-fact right after signing or may the principal wait until such time as the services of the attorney-in-fact are needed?
No. The principal may hold the Power of Attorney document until such time as help is needed and then give it to the attorney-in- fact. Because third parties will not honor the attorney-in-fact's authority unless the attorney-in-fact provides the Power of Attorney document, the use of the Power of Attorney may effectively be delayed.

Often, the lawyer may fulfill this important role. For example, the principal may leave the Power of Attorney with the lawyer who prepared it, asking the lawyer to deliver it to the attorney-in- fact under certain specific conditions. Since the lawyer may not know if and when the principal is incapacitated, the principal should let the attorney-in-fact know that the lawyer has retained the signed document and will deliver it as directed.

How does the attorney-in-fact initiate decision-making authority under the Power of Attorney?
The attorney-in-fact should review the Power of Attorney document carefully to determine what authority the principal granted. After being certain that the Power of Attorney gives the attorney-in-fact the authority to act, the Power of Attorney (or a copy) should be taken to the third party (the bank or other institution, or person with whom you need to deal). Some third parties may ask the attorney-in-fact to sign a document stating that the attorney-in-fact is acting properly. (The attorney-in- fact may wish to consult with a lawyer prior to signing such a document.) The third party should accept the Power of Attorney and allow the attorney-in-fact to act for the principal. An attorney-in-fact should always make it clear that the attorney-in-fact is signing documents on behalf of the principal.

How should the attorney-in-fact sign when acting as an attorney-in-fact?
The attorney-in-fact will always want to add after his or her signature that the document is being signed "as attorney-in-fact for" the Principal. If the attorney-in-fact only signs his or her own name, he or she may be held personally accountable for whatever was signed. As long as the signature clearly conveys that the document is being signed in a representative capacity and not personally, the attorney-in-fact is protected. Though lengthy, it is, therefore, best to sign as follows:

Howard Rourk, as attorney-in-fact for Ellsworth Toohey.

In this example, Howard Rourk is the attorney-in-fact, and Ellsworth Toohey is the principal.

What if the third party will not accept the Power of Attorney?
If the Power of Attorney was lawfully executed and it has not been revoked, suspended or terminated, third parties may be forced to honor the document. Due to changes in the law, Durable Powers of Attorney executed on or after October 1, 1995, have more clout. An older document may be enforced as well. Under some circumstances, if the third party's refusal to honor the Durable Power of Attorney causes damage, the third party may be liable for those damages and even attorney's fees and court costs. Even mere delay may cause damage and this too may be actionable. It is reasonable, however, for the third party to have the time to consult with a lawyer about the Power of Attorney. Banks will often send the Power of Attorney to their legal department for approval. Delay for more than a short period may be unreasonable. Upon refusal or unreasonable delay, consult an attorney.

Continue reading "Florida Powers of Attorney (Part 3 USING THE POWER OF ATTORNEY)" »

What activities are permitted by an attorney-in-fact?
An attorney-in-fact may perform only those acts specified in the Power of Attorney. If an attorney-in-fact is unsure whether he or she is authorized to do a particular act, the attorney-in-fact should consult the lawyer who prepared the document or other legal counsel.

May an attorney-in-fact sell the principal's home?
Yes. If the Power of Attorney authorizes the sale of the principal's homestead, the attorney-in-fact may sell it. If the principal is married, however, the attorney-in-fact must obtain the authorization of the spouse.

What may an attorney-in-fact not do on behalf of a principal?
There are a few actions that an attorney-in-fact is prohibited from doing even if the Power of Attorney states that the action is authorized. An attorney-in-fact, unless also a licensed member of The Florida Bar, may not practice law in Florida. An attorney-in-fact may not sign a document stating that the principal has knowledge of certain facts. For example, if the principal was a witness to a car accident, the attorney-in-fact may not sign an affidavit stating what the principal saw or heard. An attorney-in-fact may not vote in a public election on behalf of the principal. An attorney-in-fact may not create or revoke a Will or Codicil for the principal. If the principal was under contract to perform a personal service (i.e., to paint a portrait or provide care services), the attorney-in-fact is not authorized to do these things in the place of the principal. Likewise, if someone had appointed the principal to be Trustee of a Trust or if the Court appointed the principal to be a guardian or conservator, the attorney-in-fact may not take over these responsibilities based solely on the authority of a Power of Attorney.

What are the responsibilities of an attorney-in-fact?
While the Power of Attorney gives the attorney-in-fact authority to act on behalf of the principal, an attorney-in-fact is not obligated to serve. An attorney-in-fact may have a moral or other obligation to take on the responsibilities associated with the Power of Attorney, but the Power of Attorney does not create an obligation to assume the duties. However, once an attorney-in-fact takes on a responsibility, he or she has a duty to act prudently. (See Financial Management and the Liability of an Attorney-in-fact).

Is there a certain code of conduct for attorneys-in-fact?
Yes. Attorneys-in-fact must meet a certain standard of care when performing their duties. An attorney-in-fact is looked upon as a "fiduciary" under the law. A fiduciary relationship is one of trust. If the attorney-in-fact violates this trust, the law may punish the attorney-in-fact both civilly (by ordering the payment of restitution and punishment money) and criminally (probation or jail). The standard of care that applies to attorneys-in-fact is discussed under Financial Management and the Liability of an Attorney-in-fact.

This is the second part of a seven part article on Florida Powers of Attorney Click to review the others . If you need help with a Florida Power of Attorney contact a Jacksonville Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Next time you attend a Living trust seminar in Jacksonville Florida or where ever you live, you may want to think twice. This week Family First Advanced Estate Planning, and insurance company, and a life insurance company who targeted low cost estate planning to seniors settled with the Attorney General of California.
An article on Kristen Howe's Blog states:

I caution everyone to remember the old saying “If something looks too good to be true it probably is.” If someone is offering to write a revocable trust and a will for you for free or for just a few hundred dollars, you have to ask yourself why. The two big lessons to be learned from this case are:

1. Do not let anyone who is not an attorney write an estate plan for you. There are just too many complexities in this area of the law to trust it to someone who is not educated.
2. Do not take investment advice from anyone who sells any kind of investment product. Period. It doesn’t matter what it is, life insurance, annuities, mutual funds.

If they make their living selling it they cannot possibly give you objective investment advice about it. If you believe you have been victimized by Family First, another trust mill or by annuity fraud, you should report the crime to the local district attorney or the Department of Insurance. You may also file a complaint with the Attorney General.

Although this problem did not involved lawyers the general ideal of seminars where you are told that everyone can benefit from a Florida Living trust have problems also. You should only consider a Florida living trust if you meet with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer and determine that your finances and needs require and justify a living trust.

ABOUT THE POWER OF ATTORNEY
What is a Power of Attorney?
A Power of Attorney is a legal document delegating authority from one person to another. In the document, the maker of the Power of Attorney grants the right to act on the maker's behalf. What authority is granted depends on the specific language of the Power of Attorney. A person giving a Power of Attorney may make it very broad or may limit it to certain specific acts.

What are some uses of a Power of Attorney?
A Power of Attorney may be used to give another the right to sell a car, home or other property. A Power of Attorney might be used to allow another to sign a contract, make health care decisions, handle financial transactions, or sign legal documents for the maker of the Power of Attorney. A Power of Attorney may give others the right to do almost any legal act that the maker of the Power of Attorney could do.

Where may a person obtain a Power of Attorney?
A power of attorney is an important and powerful legal document. It should be drawn by a lawyer to meet the person's specific circumstances. Pre-printed forms are often a disaster and may fail to provide the protection desired.

What is a "principal?"
The "principal" is the maker of the Power of Attorney - the person who is delegating authority to another.

What is an "attorney-in-fact?"
The "attorney-in-fact" is the recipient of the Power of Attorney - the party who is given the power to act on behalf of the principal. An "attorney-in-fact" is sometimes referred to as an "agent," but not all "agents" are "attorneys-in-fact." The term "attorney-in-fact" does not mean the person is a lawyer.

What is a "third party?"
As used in this pamphlet, a "third party" is a person or institution with whom the attorney-in-fact has dealings on behalf of the principal. Examples include a bank, a doctor, the buyer of property that the attorney-in-fact is selling for the principal, a broker, or anyone else with whom the attorney-in- fact must deal on behalf of the principal.

What is a "Limited Power of Attorney?"
A "Limited Power of Attorney" gives the attorney-in-fact authority to conduct a specific act. For example, a person might use a Limited Power of Attorney to sell a home in another state by delegating authority to another person to handle the transaction locally through a "limited power of attorney." Such a Power could be "limited" to selling the home or to other specified acts.

What is a "General Power of Attorney?"
A "general" Power of Attorney typically gives the attorney-in- fact very broad powers to perform any legal act on behalf of the principal. Often a list of the types of activities the attorney- in-fact is authorized to perform is included in the document.

What is a "Durable Power of Attorney?"
Limited and general Powers of Attorney terminate if and when the principal becomes incapacitated. Because many people would like Powers of Attorney that may continue to be used upon their incapacity, Florida law provides for a (special) power known as a "Durable Power of Attorney." A Durable Power of Attorney remains effective even if a person becomes incapacitated; however, there are certain exceptions specified in Florida law when a Durable Power of Attorney may not be used for an incapacitated principal. A Durable Power of Attorney must contain special wording that provides the power survives the incapacity of the principal. Most Powers of Attorney granted today are durable.

Must a person be competent to sign a Power of Attorney?
Yes. The principal must understand what he or she is signing at the time the document is signed. The principal must understand the effect of a Power of Attorney, to whom he or she is giving the Power of Attorney, and what property may be affected by the Power of Attorney.

Who may serve as an attorney-in-fact?
Any competent person 18 years of age or older may serve as an attorney-in-fact. Attorneys-in-fact should be chosen for reliability and trustworthiness. Certain financial institutions and not-for-profit corporations may also serve.

This is the first part of a seven part article on Florida Powers of Attorney Click to review the others . If you need help with a Florida Power of Attorney contact a Jacksonville Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

The National Center on Elder Abuse has a newly designed website. The Direct link for Florida Facts and Statistics on Elder Abuse contains:

Kimberly Palmer of U.S. News & World Report wrote an article on the Alpha Consumer Blog where she discussed these issues. Her reader wrote:

My husband, who is retired, has dementia. He responds to credit card offers in the mail and charges things to them, even though he shouldn't, because he is on limited Social Security disability income. He knows better, but his mind is weak. He always says he won't use the cards, but he still does. Even if I cut the cards in half, more come in the mail. We are now in $15,000 of debt, and it continues to rise. How can I get him to stop making charges? Will I be responsible for the debt, even if he passes away before I do?

She offers several solutions including
1- using http://www.optoutprescreen.com/
2- using a credit monitoring service.
3- using a durable power of attorney or guardianship if the person is incapacitated
4- Notifing the credit card companies directly

She also discusses the liability for the wife in the event of the husbands death.

If you need help with a Florida Durable Power of Attorney, Florida Guardianship contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer, or Florida Guardianship Attorney.

One of the most common questions I get is "What is the difference between a Durable Power of Attorney and a Guardianship?"

Richard Shea an attorney in Connecticut who publishes the Connecticut Estate Planning & Elder Law Blog has a good description of each and the differences in an article titled Power of Attorney v Conservatorship.

He summarizes the differences by stating:

A power of attorney is a relatively low cost and private way to decide which family member or trusted friend will have the legal authority to carry out your wishes if you can no longer speak or act for yourself. If you do not have a power or attorney or if your power of attorney is not drafted properly, and something happens that results in your inability to make decisions, your family/friends may later face court proceedings and court supervised Conservatorship. A court proceeding is not only costly, but the person appointed as your Conservator may not be the person whom you would have chosen yourself. And, as stated above, not having a properly drafted power of attorney could significantly limit financial and/or Medicaid planning that could be done on behalf of the principal.

Another significant difference that I often emphasize with my clients is that although a Durable Power of Attorney allows you to act when and if you want to, a Guardianship makes you legally responsible to act.

You should discuss your specific plans for a Florida Durable Power of Attorney or a Florida Guardianship with your Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to determine which is the right vehicle for your needs.

Professor Gerry W. Beyer author of the Wills, Trusts, & Estates Professors Blog, as reported on a mistake in estate planning where a "Do it Yourself" Estate Plan Backfires. In this case a mother who did not hire her own estate planning lawyer made a number a big mistake that ended up causing problems withe Medicaid eligibility.

The mother, a widow, was worth 500K. Her home is worth 400K and has 4 children. After her daughter and son-in-law declared bankruptcy and moved in with her, they suggest buying her home. Unfortunately the home was not transfered at fair market value, and the mother made part of the purchase a gift. Mom ended up not having assets to split between the children like she had intended, and if she needs to qualify for medicaid within 5 years she will be disqualified.

Some other examples of Do it your self wills and bad news are covered in my articles listed below

Do it Yourself Wills? More bad news and
Do it Yourself Wills? a Good Idea or Not?
Do it yourself Estate Planning: Bad News Part 3

If you have used software, a form, or an online service to prepare your will, you should have it reviewed by a Florida Estate planning Attorney for potential problems.

A Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed (sometimes called "The Lady-Bird Deed") is a tool used by Florida Estate Planning Attorneys, Florida Elder Law Attorneys, and other by Florida Lawyers to preserve the homestead for the benefit of the family. Upon the death of the homeowner’s the property will pass to the people designated without the need for a costly probate process.

Why Use an Enhanced Life Estate Deed?
The Enhanced Life Estate Deed provides a mechanism to bypass the probate process and thus the creditors. Under this document, the husband and/or wife retain a Life Estate Interest under which he or she retains the right to live on the property for their life. Unlike a Life estate, the husband and/or wife retain the right to sell, mortgage, convey, gift, or cancel the remainder interest at any time during their life. If there is any property interest upon the last to die of the husband and/or wife, the remainder will pass in fee simple to the designated individuals named in the deed.

Who should use the Enhanced Life Estate Deed?
An Enhanced Life Estate Deed or Lady-Bird Deed should be use by individuals or couples who want to simplify the transfer of their property upon their death and retain full authority and possession over their property.

Will using an Enhanced Life Estate Deed affect my Medicaid Eligibility?
As long as the individuals demonstrate an "intent-to-return" to the homestead Medicaid Eligibility should not be affected.

What are some common mistakes with deeds?
Many Florida residents add their children on their deeds as Joint Tenants with Rights of Survivorship.
Many Florida Residents deed their property to their children and retain a life estate.

What can happen if I have made a common mistake on my deed?
1) My home may not be protected from creditors and/or loose its homestead protection.
2) I may be disqualified from Medicaid in the event that I need to go into a Nursing home.
3) I may have made a gift, subject to Federal Gift Taxes, Penalties, and Interest which my heirs and/or family may be responsible for paying.
4) I may not be able to sell my home or use the proceeds from my home to enhance my quality of life, travel, or pay for the necessary medical care I need.

If I have made a mistake transferring my property, can it be fixed?
Yes, You should meet with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to evaluate your situation, and prepare the documents necessary to allow you to qualify for Medicaid, deal with the Gift taxes, protect your homestead, and pass your homestead to the desired beneficiaries without the costly expense and delay of Florida probate.

Mitchell Port a California lawyer posted a link to an article on the California Tax Attorney Blog about an article on the State Bar Website which provides information on estate planning. Although this is a California bar website, many of the same issues and considerations are important to Florida residents interested in Florida Estate Planning. Much of the information is also found on The Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog which primarily deals with Florida issues.

1. What Is Estate Planning?
2. What Is Involved in Estate Planning?
3. Who Needs Estate Planning ?
4. What Is Included in my Estate?
5. What Is a Will?
6. What Is a Revocable Living Trust?
7. What Is Probate?
8. To Whom Should I Leave My Assets?
9. Whom Should I Name as My Executor or Trustee?
10. How Should I Provide for My Minor Children?
11. When Does Estate Planning Involve Tax Planning?
12. How Does the Way in Which I Hold Title Make a Difference?
13. What Are Other Methods of Leaving Property?
14. What If I Become Unable to Care for Myself ?
15. Who Should Help Me With My Estate Planning Documents?
16. How Do I Find a Qualified Lawyer?
17. Should I Beware of Someone Who Is a "Promoter" of Financial and Estate Planning Services?
18. What Are the Costs Involved In Estate Planning?

Whenever a Florida estate planning lawyer represents two or more individuals, there is always at least the potential of a conflict of interest, even when the clients agree about everything.

The same is true when a married couple needs a Florida attorney’s help with an estate plan. Depending on the circumstances, the Florida estate plan may well result in one spouse being deprived of a legal right. Whenever a person in a joint representation may be deprived of a legal right, the attorney must advise that person that he or she is entitled to seek the opinion of an independent attorney and, in fact, we are required to recommend a second attorney be consulted.

However, when both spouses are adamant that they wish to be represented by the same lawyer, the lawyer should incorporate both spouses' desires in what is called a "joint" or "dual" representation letter that is signed by both spouses. This type of letter is important because both spouses have acknowledged that each was advised of the potential or actual conflict and waived the right to seek independent counsel.

There are some situations in which each spouse should be represented by an independent lawyer -- such as a premarital or separation agreement and, depending on the circumstances, some second-marriage estate planning situations may also require the need for two lawyers. In addition, where assets are transferred from one spouse to another, extra protection may be warranted.

Our representation in estate-planning situations generally includes

1) review of existing wills, powers of attorney, trusts, etc.;
2) recommendations about how each of you wants to dispose of your property at disability or death;
3) preparation of documents necessary to accomplish your goals, including Florida wills, Florida powers of attorney, Florida health-care powers of attorney and the like.

While in most circumstances one Florida lawyer couldn't represent both of you, your knowledgeable waiver of having independent counsel represent each of you is the reason a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer is able to proceed in representing both of you. The Florida Estate Planning Lawyer should make sure each of you will provide open and complete disclosures and exchanges of information, and if a conflict does arise in the future, the Florida Estate Planning Lawyer must withdraw from any further joint representation and cannot represent either of you in the current matter or in another matter where the information disclosed is used against the other.

If you or a member of your family was to have a crisis are you prepared? That is the question you should ask your Florida Estate Planning Lawyer or Attorney on a regular basis. Often we only look at significant events in our lives and do not consider the effects that a significant effect in our parents or children's lives will have upon us.

When you review your Florida Estate Plan you should also review or remind your parents and adult children to review their plans also. There are changes in the laws which may prompt updates to your estate planning techniques. In addition, significant changes in your life including births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and changes in assets should trigger an estate plan review.

Generally when an Florida Estate Planning Attorney creates Florida Estate Planning Documents their duty is over once the documents are prepared. The obligation is up to you to seek a regular review of these documents.

In addition to reviewing the documents you should consider the following:

1) Make sure you know where your parents documents are, and you tell your personal representative and beneficiaries know where the documents are. If you are concerned that the documents may disappear, you may keep them with an attorney. If you keep your documents with a Jacksonville Florida Estate Planning Lawyerr or Jacksonville Florida Probate Lawyer you should tell people who has them.

2)Check to see that the Florida Estate Planning documents are complete and reflect their current family and financial situation.

3)Make sure that the documents reflect your or your parents current mind set. Wills and trusts need to be reviewed for changes in their financial condition as well as the beneficiaries family and financial condition.

4) Make sure all Estate Planning Documents are signed and witnessed as necessary under the current statutes or those in place at the time of execution.

5)Make sure any Florida Durable Power of Attorney documents mention the current Florida Statutes, many durable power of attorney documents are not honored when they do not comply with the Florida Statutes.

6) Make sure your Florida Living Trust or Florida Revocable Trust or any Florida Trusts are funded. That means that the bank accounts, CD accounts, land, and other assets have been transferred to the trusts. Any deeds to this effect should be properly recorded.

Although there are legitimate "free lunch" seminars done by many respectable Florida Estate Planning Lawyers, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has found that many seminars may mislead seniors into making unwise investments. Florida Estate Planning Lawyers are prohibited from making advertising claims that are false and statements that are likely to mislead

The SEC was not investigating "free lunch" seminars by attorneys and primarily focused on investment and financial seminars. Many of the seminars made statements like "Immediately add $100,000 to your net worth."

The report recommends that financial firms supervise sales seminars more closely. It also recommends that ongoing senior investment education efforts include education about "free lunch" sales seminars.

The SEC filed charges against 26 companies and individuals in connection with a $428 million securities fraud scheme that targeted seniors.

Some of the senors were coaxed into investing into timeshares in Cancun and many used funds from their IRA accounts.

For more information and the full report Click Here

If you feel you have been a victim and Need Assistance. Please call the SEC's Office of Investor Education and Advocacy at (800) SEC-0330.

I was trying out a new feature from Grandcentral where you can enter your name and phone number on the web page to have a call between us. Feel free to try it out and leave me some feedback. This could be very useful for quick questions or those who prefer to talk rather than type.

There have been many changes in the eligibility requirements for Medicaid. One of the most significant is that penalty periods and ineligibility periods begin from the date of application. It is for this reason, that you should have your documents reviewed by a Jacksonville Florida Elder Law Lawyer who works with Medicaid applications. As many posts of this blog have stated, the rules, and laws changed significantly in 2007. It is for this reason, you should not rely on books in print, friends, or family. It is highly unlikely that they have the experience necessary and have dealt with the new policies an procedures.

Michael Keenan of the Connecticut Elder Law Blog has begun a series which discusses How to Get Organized Before Filing Your Medicaid Application. I would suggest reading it and even if you are not a technically oriented person, make a copy and show it to your family or Florida Elder Law Attorney. Perhaps they can scan or help organize the documents for you.

One of the newest areas in Florida Estate Planning is the use of Patented Tax strategies for saving on estate taxes, and income taxes. The IRS has a new proposal that would require those who use these methods to report them to the IRS. Gerry W. Geyer with the Wills, Trusts and Estate Professors Blog reported this today. This could put a damper on the use of patented tax methods. Read IRS Reg 129916-07 on Patented Tax methods for more information on how this may affect you. You may want to speak with your Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer about this and other issues regarding your Florida estate planning techniques.

As a Florida medicaid Planning Lawyer, clients often ask about coverage, eligibility, and benefits in other states. I ran across an article entitled A Ranking of State Medicaid Programs on the Public Citizen website.

Here is a link to the overall ranking of states by Score Florida Ranks 26th If you would prefer this is a ranking by state name.Use this link for some details on Florida . You might be surprised to know that Florida ranks 4th on Quality of care.

As an Estate Planning Lawyer in Jacksonville Florida, I am often asked about issues dealing with addresses in Florida Wills, Florida Trusts, Florida Living Wills, Florida Durable Powers of Attorney, and other documents.

Generally the address and phone number in these documents is to help locate or contract the person. In some cases they can be used to help distinguish one John Doe from the next. The Connecticut Estate Planning Blog had an example of when it might be important to update the address, but as the site states, this would only happen on a law school exam.

The only possible reason why such a move would prompt a legitimate will amendment is if the move created an identification problem. For instance, in the above example, suppose the client disinherited his other brother, also named Billy Bob (I don't think I've ever seen two brothers with the same name), out of his will, but then that brother moves to Glastonbury after the other Billy Bob moved from Glastonbury to Wethersfield. Now the will seems to identify someone who the client didn't intend to include as a beneficiary of his will.

Please note that the above facts only tend to arise in law school exams, not real life. Suffice it to say that address changes do not require will changes unless there are extraordinary circumstances.

As a Jacksonville Living Trust Lawyer, I have noticed many changes that effect the administration of Trusts, even those which were already in existence when on July 1, 2007 when the Florida's New Trust Code became effective. If you are an estate planning attorney in another state and have clients who have trusts in Florida, it is most likely that their trusts must be managed differently than their trust document would imply.

1) A trustee has a duty to act in good faith in the interest of the beneficiaries and in accordance with the terms of the trust, imposed in part by sections 736.0801 and 736.0802.

2) There is a new 6 month statute of limitation sunder section 736.1008 with regard to any item set forth in a trust disclosure statement which contains a limitation notice containing the six-month period of time under 736.0604 within which to contest the validity of the terms of the trust.

3) The court has the power to take action and exercise jurisdiction as necessary " in the interest of justice."

4) The court has the power to modify or terminate a trust under sections 736.0410-04115, 0413, 0415, and 0416. Judicial modification in the best interest of the beneficiaries under section 736.0415(3) is not mandatory as to (i) any trust created prior to January 1, 2001 and (ii) any trust created after December 31m 2000 if it is subject to the Traditional RAP (90 years vs the expanded 365 Year RAP that Florida permits) or the trust expressly prohibits such judicial modification.

5) Nonjudicial modification with unanimous agreement of the trustee and all qualified beneficiaries under 736.0412 is not mandatory as to (i) any trust created prior to January 1, 2001, (ii) any charitable trust until the termination of all charitable interests, and (iii) any trust created after December 31, 2000 if it is subject to the Traditional RAP unless the trust expressly authorizes such nonjudicial modification.

6) New Spendthrift protections which affect the rights of creditors and assignees to reach a trust under part V of the Trust Code.

7) Trustee's duty under section 736.0503 to pay expenses and obligations of a settlor of a revocable trust upon death.

8) Trustee's duty under section 736.05055 to file a notice of trust with regard to a revocable trust upon the death of a settlor.

9) Trustee's duties under section 736.0813 to provide to qualified beneficiaries (or their designated representatives under 736.0306) (i) notification of the existence of an irrevocable trust, the identity of the trustee and their rights to trust accountings, (ii) a copy of the trust agreement and to account, and (iii) respond to requests for relevant information about the assets, liabilities, and particulars relating to the trust administration

10) Rights of third parties other than the trustee or beneficiary under sections 736.1013-736.1017

As a Florida Estate Planning Attorney, I often get involved in planning for Disabled Florida Adults and Children. Often these individuals are receiving government benefits or expect to receive the in the future due to a physical or mental illness or disability. In some cases clients expect their spouse to need these benefits soon. If the individual receives income that is to create or acquires or maintains assets above a certain level, they will be unable to qualify for these government benefits.

Often the solution is to create a Florida Special or Supplemental Needs Trust. This trust can hold assets and income that would typically disqualify an individual. This money can then be used to supplement their lifestyle. The Connecticut Estate Planning Blog has a two part article on this topic and the rules there seem to be very similar to those in Florida. If you have someone in your family who is currently disabled, or you expect to need government benefits in the future, you should discuss this with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer so that you can determine what the best option for your particular situation is.

If you move to Florida from any state or country, Florida will recognize any will that was properly executed as to the rules of another state except Holographic wills.

A holographic will is one that is entirely in the handwriting of the creator. Florida does have an exception to their rule against accepting holographic wills, that is for those holographic wills that are witnessed by two witnesses and notarized.

In almost all cases new states will recognize a validly executed will from another state. It is best to check with an Estate Planning Lawyer in your new state to make sure that your will is valid and deals with any special laws that may be available in the new state.

In addition if you are moving from or to a community property state (Arizona, California, Idaho, New Mexico, Louisiana, Washington, Nevada, Texas, Wisconsin, and Alaska) to a state which a common law property state (like Florida), your will should be reviewed as there is a significant difference in the way property is held.

Be sure to look at your other estate planning documents like llving wills, advanced health care directives, and durable powers of attorney as these might be regulated differently in your new home state.

Often in the process of Florida Estate Planning, Florida Elder Law, or Florida Probate I get asked about the effects of Florida's Spousal Share Statutes. The statutes reserve 30 % of the decedents estate for a spouse in the event that the decedent did not provide at least that amount in their will or other Florida Estate Planning Documents. This right can be waived by the spouse in pre or post nuptial documents. Often for wealthy clients, or those who are legally seperated but not divorced the spousal share can become a big issue. If you think that a spousal share might be an issue with your estate planning, you should discuss it with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Last week a Florida Appeals Court looked at, Whether Florida's Spousal Share Statutes were constitutional or not?

Generally Florida Statutes are constitutional unless they are not rationally related to furthering a valid governmental objective. Lane v. Chiles, 698, So.2d 260, 262 (Fla 1997) In this case the court looked at whether the potential loss of property rights were rationally related to providing a share in the assets of the decedent.

The Florida Appeals Court upheld the statute and found that the statute was rational related to the purpose. The Florida Probate Litigation blog has an excellent analysis of the case In RE Estate of Magee Download file.

Jacksonville Business and Estate Planning Attorney, David Goldman Found a great article How To Prepare For Mediation: The Mediator’s Check List Of Key Legal And Factual Issues by David Laufer. This article and the checklist below can be used in Florida Business Law, Florida Probate Law, Florida Guardianship Law, and Florida Will Disputes.

THE MEDIATOR’S CHECK LIST ****************************************

ALL INFORMATION WILL BE MAINTAINED IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE.

A CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT HAS BEEN SIGNED BY ALL PARTICIPANTS IN THE MEDIATON BEFORE THE EXCHANGE OF ANY CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.

1. Identify each party and title of all participants involved in the dispute.
2. Identify each Disputant required to be present during the mediation process.
3. Identify each decision maker who will not be present during the entire mediation process.
4. Describe any special needs, demands, interests and goals of each Disputant and Counsel.

5. Describe each claim, dispute and defense.
6. Describe each Disputant’s demands –the best case outcome-to be achieved in the Mediation.
7. Identify and quote the key statutes governing the claims and defenses.
8. Identify and quote the key cases governing the outcome of the liability issues. For example: Stout v. Turney (1978) 22 Cal.3d 718: “Of the two measures the ‘out-of-pocket’ rule has been termed more consistent with the logic and purpose of the tort form of action (i. e., compensation for loss sustained rather than satisfaction of contractual expectations) while the ‘benefit-of-the-bargain’ rule has been observed to be a more effective deterrent (in that it contemplates an award even when the property received has a value equal to what was given for it.)”
9. Identify the legal support for each demand for special, general and punitive damages.
10. Identify all defenses to the claims for special, general damages and punitive damages.
11. Identify key disputed facts discussed in the legal briefs.
12. Identify any key facts and legal issues overlooked by Counsel and the Disputants.
13. Identify other issues that may have an effect on the dispute, including change in case and statue law, change in management, change in key decision maker, vacations, trial dates, motions for summary judgment, divorce, employment termination, surgery, promotion, restructure of company, bankruptcy, sale of business, cancellation of insurance coverage, and the need for closure.
14. Should the mediation be conducted in segments? For example, if the claimant is rehired in wrongful terminations claim will the damage claim be resolved? If the franchisor reinstates a franchise will the damage claim be resolved? If the insurance company renews the insurance policy will the claim for bad faith claim be dismissed?
15. Identify possible resolutions of dispute by restoring, creating or enhancing a commercial relationship that the defendant may be able to provide as an alternative to payment of money damages. For example, a HR Director may be able to re-hire an employee without consulting with a higher authority, whereas the payment of a damage claim may have to go through several levels of review and approval and consultations with the company’s risk manger for reporting to an insurance carrier or audit committee.

Continue reading "Attorney and Client Check List for Mediation" »

Florida Estate Planning Lawyers and Florida Elder Law Lawyers often use Ladybird Deeds to help transfer property upon death while allowing the owner to retain the full rights to sell, mortgage, convey, or change the future owner.

Florida, Texas, Ohio, California, Kansas and several other states now allow aLadybird Deed (named after Lady Bird Johnson) or Enhanced Life Estate Deed. With an enhanced life estate deed, a person can deed their property to another while reserving for themselves a life estate with the right to sell, convey, mortgage, or change who the property will pass to upon their death.

Quitclaim Deed v. Lady Bird Deed (Enhanced Life Estate Deed)
Often people use a Quitclaim Deeds to avoid probate. A Quitclaim Deed use to make things easier for beneficiaries. The problem with the Quitclaim Deed to avoid probate is that owner would not be able to sell or mortgage his/her property without the consent of her beneficiaries.

In some states a life estate or quitclaim deed could invalidate your homestead protection. If you are elderly or wanting to reduce potential probate costs it is important to speak to attorney in your state, who is practices in Elder law and Estate planning.

Florida residents or those owning property in Florida who have questions about how a recent or future deed transfer might affect them or their family can use the contact form to ask questions.

Often we find articles on other blogs that may be of great interest to our readers. Flprobatelitigation.com has recently written a great review of a recent Florida probate Case. This case should be of particular interest to Florida estate planning lawyers, Florida probate lawyers, and even Florida Business lawyers.

This case could have broad implications on the statute of limitation dealing with Florida business law, Florida estate planning, and Florida probate, as there are often fiduciary duties that are created.

Although the set of facts in this case dealt with Probate, its not unreasonable to see courts considering this line of thinking in other areas were there is a breach of a fiduciary duty.

In Kravitz v. Levy Fla 2007 WL 2480538 (Fla. 4th DCA Sep 05, 2007)

The court found that even after 41 years, the Continuing torts doctrine allowed a family the opportunity to recover from a PR when they discovered the PR had breached his fiduciary duty to the family. The court reasoned that the statute of limitations did not begin to run until the PR died, which was when the issues were discovered.

Should you sign a Nursing Home Admission Agreement?"

In the article they discuss the importance not to rush, but rather to read their agreements. Often there are misleading provisions. They recommend as a strategy to try to sign the agreement after the resident has moved into the facility. Once a resident has moved in, you have much more leverage, and there is a consideration argument that can be made if there is ever a dispute. For a contract to be valid in Florida, it must contain consideration of the part of both parties. If there is no consideration, a court can find that there was not contract.

Often the areas to pay close attention to are the Responsible party, Arbitration provision, Private pay requirement, eviction procedures, and waiver of rights. A nursing home admission agreement is a very important document and can create substantial liability for Florida residents, Florida seniors and those signing them. You should always ask the nursing home to allow your Florida Elder Law Lawyer or Florida Business Lawyer time to review the agreement

Jacksonville Estate Planning Law Firm will continue it community service project by adding 3 Living Will Seminars in the month of September. This program provides Free information and the chance to create a free Florida Living Wills, Florida Designation of Health care Surrogate, and a Hipaa Release.

On September 11, 2007 at 11 A.M.
Riverview Center
Attn Ms Annie Henderson
9620 Water Street
Jacksonville, Florida 32208
(904) 765-7511

On September 18, 2007 at 11 A.M.
Wallace Small Center
Attn: Ms. Gloria Gregg
1083 Line Street
Jacksonville, Florida 32209
(904) 630-0724

On September 26, 2007 at 11 A.M.
Longbranch Center
Attn: Ms. Margaret Hampton
4110 Franklin Street
Jacksonville, Florida 32206
(904) 630-0893

Everyone in Florida seems to be going crazy to setup a Florida living trust. Often we find ourselves asking why does this client need a living trust. In most cases they don't, but if clients are looking for privacy, to save time or money on probate or have assets in excess of 1,000,000 a Florida living trust might be a good vehicle for their estate planning.

Much like a will, a living trust will describe what happens to your property in the event of your death. While you are alive, you can remain in control and have the power to change the trust at any time. Setting up a living trust allows you to avoid the expense and long delays of probate, and may even save you money on taxes.

Continue reading " Why use a Living Trust in Florida" »

A general power of attorney will not be effective when the principal, the one who wrote and signed it, becomes incompetent, but a Florida durable power of attorney will still be valid after a person becomes incompetent or incapacitated.

One of the primary tax purposes of a durable power of attorney is to provide a mechanism for reducing a person's estate by making gifts of his or her assets. A similar objective in a smaller, nontaxable estate may be to make the principal eligible for Medicaid planning or assistance. In either case, it is prudent, and good practice demands, that the attorney at law who drafts the power of attorney includes the power to make gifts.

If the gift-making power is not included, the validity of the gift may be challenged. The IRS has successfully challenged gifts that were made when there was no specific authority in the document.

A power of attorney is not the same as a trust, a will or a living will. But it is a separate legal document that is an important part of a Florida estate plan.

Please make sure when creating Powers of Attorney, trusts, or wills they are setup correctly. Often fill in the blank forms can provide a framework, but they are not able to take into condideration the particulars need of individuals. Its best to have an attorney prepare these documents and have them reviewed yearly by your Florida Estate Planning Attorney for changes in your status, and the law.

NOTE: Check with your Florida Estate Planning Attorney or one from your state on the effects of a reverse mortgage on your estate planning goals.

Today, many financial planners and insurance agents are advising seniors to consider reverse mortgage as a way to pay for healthcare and/or home exspense.

Reverse mortgages allow seniors to use the equity in their homes to pay expenses and still live in their home. The money can either be paid in a lump sum payment or montly payments or be available as they need the funds. Some reverse mortgages can even be setup as a combination of the options.