Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog

When someone dies, his or her assets will not necessarily be distributed automatically to those entitled to them. If a person dies with a Will that devises his or her assets to you, then probate is necessary to carry out the instructions of the Will. Similarly, probate becomes necessary when a person dies owning anything in his or her name individually. This blog discusses the things that you need to receive your devised or inherited property that is in Florida and the process involved.

INGREDIENTS

• Decedent's original Will.
• The Will's self proving affidavit. If it is not available, then an oath from one of the following will be required: a witness to the Will, the nominated personal representative, or any disinterested person who believes the Will is genuine.
• Probate's filing fee and advertising costs. These fees vary based on the type of proceeding and county of the decedent's residence.

PROCEDURE
NOTE: In Florida most probate cases require hiring an attorney.

1. The custodian of the Will must deposit the original Will in the office of the clerk of Court within ten days of receiving information that the person is deceased. The custodian should deposit the Will with the Clerk of the Circuit Court in the county where the decedent resided. The custodian must also supply the decedent's date of death or decedent's social security number to the clerk upon deposit of the Will, if this information is available.
2. There are three basic types of proceedings to administer a decedent's estate and the one used depends on the size of decedent's estate:
   • a. Formal administration: used when there are considerable assets and it is necessary to appoint a personal representative to act on behalf of the estate.
   • b. Summary administration: used when the value of the entire estate does not exceed $75,000 or when the decedent has been dead for more than two years.
   • c. Disposition of personal property without administration: used to request release of the decedent's assets to the person who paid for final expenses such as funeral bills or medical bills that accrued in the last 60 days.
3. Once Probate is opened and the appropriate proceeding has been selected, the court appoints a personal representative for decedent's estate. The court gives deference to the person nominated as the personal representative in decedent's Will.
4. The personal representative is under a duty to settle and distribute the estate of the decedent in accordance with the terms of the decedent's Will and the Probate Code as expeditiously and efficiently as is consistent with the best interest of the estate.
5. The personal representative can use decedent's estate to pay for the costs involved in probate and must notify decedent's creditors so that they can file their claims against decedent's estate.
6. After paying decedent's creditors, the personal representative distributes the remainder of decedent's assets to the beneficiaries entitled to them.
7. After the administration of decedent's estate has been completed, the personal representative is discharged.

What if There is Not a Will?
If there is not Will, probate might still be necessary to distribute decedent's assets. Probate proceedings are initiated by filing a petition seeking to administer decedent's estate. A filing fee will also be required. Decedent's assets will be distributed according to Florida Statutes section 732.102, 732.103, and 732.104.

Contact a Florida Estate Planning Attorney
Going through the probate process can be a frustrating and daunting scenario. The best thing to do is to hire an estate planning attorney to assist you with this issue. Moreover, an estate planning attorney can help you plan your estate to assure an efficient distributions of your assets. For an estate planning attorney in Florida, contact the Apple Law firm by dialing the number (904) 685 - 1200, or by clicking the "Contact Us" tab at the top of this page.

In the case of Bowdoin v. Rinnier, 81 So. 3d 582 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012) The Decedent died intestate, leaving her husband, and a minor child as her sole heirs. Decedent's mother, filed a petition for administration seeking her appointment as personal representative. The surviving spouse filed a counter-petition for administration seeking his appointment as personal representative. After hearing, the trial court granted Appellee's petition notwithstanding husband's preference in appointment under § 733.301, Fla. Stat., because the trial court determined it was in the best interest of all parties to appoint the Decedent's mother as personal representative. On appeal, the Second District found the trial court's decision was an abuse of discretion. The Second District reinforced the proposition that statutorily preferred individuals should be appointed unless the record shows the preferred person is unfit to serve. In this case, the Mother produced no witnesses or evidence at the hearing to show the husband was unqualified to serve. The Second District Court therefore reversed the trial court's appointment of the mother and remanded the matter back to the trial court to conduct an evidentiary hearing to determine whether the decedent's husband was fit to serve as personal representative.

The Florida Slayer Statute bars a murderer from profiting off the victim's assets. The victim's assets which are subject to a Florida Probate pass as if the murderer had predeceased the victim and other jointly held assets are severed so that the victim and murder each owned 50%.

One problem with the slayer statute is that the effect of the statute does not take place until there is either a criminal or civil conviction. It is possible to make changes to the ownership of the assets prior to a court determination that the slayer statute applies. While there are some safeguards in place to prevent those with knowledge from profiting from these types of transfers, there appears to be certain situations where one could protect the assets prior to such a determination. I have not seen any case-law where this has been challenged and do not know what the outcome would be but like with many asset protection techniques, it can put someone in a better position to negotiate if there are any funds or asset left.

One recent case in South Florida involved a beneficiary of a trust. This individual adopted his girlfriend so that she would be a legal beneficiary of the trust. While it does not appear that these asset would have been subject to a slayer statute claim, it is the type of planning that we are referring to and can create the desired results through creative planning.

If you are involved with a potential probate in which a relative was believed to be responsible for the murder of the decedent, contact a Jacksonville Probate Lawyer to discuss how to structure the assets or what steps can be taken to protect your rights.

Once the personal representative (PR or executor) is appointed by a Florida court, takes the oath of office, and posts bond (if required), then he or she is authorized to administer the decedent's estate. A Florida personal representative has a fiduciary responsibility to the creditors, the IRS, and the beneficiaries for proper administration of the estate. The personal representative must not comingle the estate's funds with his or her own funds, and needs to be fully accountable for all of the decedent's property during the administration of the estate. The personal representative may sell some or all of the assets of the estate to raise cash to pay the debts and expenses of the estate, if necessary or appropriate.

The personal representative is obligated to:

a) Identify, gather, value, and safeguard the assets.
b) Publish the "notice to creditors" in a local newspaper, giving creditors an opportunity to file claims relating to the estate.
c) Serve "notice of administration" on specific persons, giving information about the estate and giving notice of requirements to file any objections relating to the estate.
d) Conduct a diligent search to locate "known or reasonably ascertainable" creditors, and notify them of the time by which their claims must be filed.
e) Contact the Social Security Administration and the Veteran's Administration to apply for any death benefits or survivor benefits for which the decedent's estate may be eligible.
f) Locate insurance policies and apply for benefits if the proceeds are payable to the estate.
g) Contact the decedent's employer and any club or fraternal organization to which the decedent may have belonged to determine if the estate or surviving family members are entitled to any benefits.
h) Examine the circumstances surrounding the decedent's death to determine if there are any claims against third parties, which need to be asserted or preserved, such as claims for wrongful death or worker's compensation.
i) Collect rents, accounts receivable, interest, dividends and other income due to the decedent prior to death and that becomes due to the estate thereafter.
j) Assume the responsibility for any litigation or settlement of pending lawsuits in which the decedent had an interest.
k) Keep the property of the estate in good repair.
l) Keep the estate property invested properly until the administration is complete.
m) Locate and access any safe deposit boxes in the decedent's name.
n) Object to improper claims and defend suits brought on such claims.
o) Pay the valid claims.
p) File all past due and current tax returns.
q) Pay the taxes.
r) Employ necessary professionals to assist in the administration of the estate.
s) Pay the expenses of administration.
t) Distribute the statutory amounts or assets to the surviving spouse or family if claims are made.
u) Distribute the appropriate assets to beneficiaries.
v) Close the probate administration.

No personal representative shall be compelled to pay the debts of the decedent until after the expiration of five (5) months from the first publication of notice to creditors and is obligated to make payment of expenses of administration and creditors' claims against the estate in accordance with the priorities set forth in §733.707, Fla. Stat.

It is the PR's job in a Florida Probate case to take actions to gather the assets and distribute them to the beneficiaries. When wrongful death claims are not assets subject to distribution under Florida Probate, it is the personal representative of an estate who pursues a Wrongful Death Claim in Florida or another state. The Jacksonville Wrongful Death Lawyer will often work directly with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to pursue the claim for the family and children of the decedent.

The Yale Daily News is reporting that

The estate of former pharmacology student Annie Le GRD '13 filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the University in New Haven Superior Court on Tuesday, alleging that pervasive sexual harassment at the University "emboldened" her killer, Raymond Clark III, who is serving a 44-year sentence for the murder and who the suit claims was hired through Yale's negligence.

While many states have broader statutes dealing with wrongful death claims, Florida limits which family members can have a claim and often when an elderly person dies, the adult children may not be able to file a claim.

It is important to talk with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer who is familiar with the Florida Wrongful Death Statute and requirements so that the correct form of probate is opened and unnecessary estate or personal assets are not waisted when there is no claim that can be recovered.

In Florida Probate is the legal process which occurs after death and is used to transfer assets and pay the debts of the person who is deceased. This process takes place in the Civil Court where the person lived at the time they passed away or in the county where the decedent owned property in Florida. Additionally, a probate proceeding is usually required in each state where the decedent owned property in their own name without a right of survivorship.

The basic steps to a Florida probate case are:

2. Filing a petition in the Probate Court


3. Heirs, beneficiaries, and creditors are identified.


4. Notice is delivered to all heirs and beneficiaries.


5. A public notice of petition is published in a local newspaper


6. For larger estates a Personal Representative appointed by the court and obtains letters of administration


7. An inventory of assets and debts is created.


8. Creditors claims are verified and disputed when necessary.


9. A proposed distribution of assets is presented to the Court.


10. The Court determines and approves the distribution of assets and actions of the Personal Representative.


11. The Probate is finalized through consent or by order of the Probate Judge.

A basic probate can be in the range of $1000-$1500 and larger estates typically are based on the assets in the estate. We will quote fixed fees for probates and even discount them in larger estates based on the statutory guidelines.

Timeshares can be problematic and one should consider owning the timeshare in a Trust or LLC, or holding ownership with another party as joint tenants with rights of survivorship in an effort to avoid an unnecessary probate

In Florida when a someone dies family members will need to compile a list of important information to deal with the estate. These documents will include what the deceased person owned, a list of their creditors and the amount of money owed at the time of death. To help get you started, here is a list of documents that need to be located:

1. Account statements


2. Life insurance policies


3. Beneficiary designations


4. Deeds for real estate


5. Automobile and boat titles


6. Stock and bond certificates


7. Business documents

In addition you may want to request our Free Florida Probate Hanbook to help you understand the process. When you request the handbook, be sure to ask any specific questions you may have.

If your last parent in Florida has passed away leaving their Jacksonville home, how do you proceed if you want to sell the house? A Florida deed transfers title to real property from one person(s) to another. Generally before anyone will purchase a property, they will require clear title to the real property.

Whether your surviving parent died with a Florida Will or without a Will (intestate), if you want to sell the home, title to the property will need to be transferred to your parents to the named beneficiary or heir. A Florida probate proceeding is necessary to transfer title to the real property in such a way as to establish clear title. Florida statutes require that a Jacksonville Probate Lawyer or a Florida Probate Lawyer is used to represent the Personal Representative or Estate when there is more than one heir in an estate.

A Florida Personal Representative is appointed by the probate judge to settle the decedent's (person who died) estate and distribute the property to the beneficiaries. When an Orange Park resident dies without leaving a will (dies intestate), Florida Statutes, Section 733.301 provides for the preference in appointment of a personal representative. The order of appointment is:

• Surviving spouse;
• Person selected by a majority in interest of the heirs;
• Heir nearest in degree;

A guardian of the property of minor children may serve if qualified, or may select the personal representative.

Where a person died intestate, with no surviving spouse, leaving two minor children, a Florida court reversed the appointment of the decedent's father as personal representative, instead of the individual chosen by the heirs (the children). The Florida court stated that there was no surviving spouse and the person selected by both heirs, acting through the guardians of their property, was authorized and qualified under Florida Law to act as the personal representative.

If you have been named as a Personal Representative in a will or you believe you qualify for appointment when there is no will, it is important to speak with an  Orange Park Probate Attorney, about the Personal Representative duties and rights under the law.

A lost Florida Will is a will that was lost or destroyed without the decedent's knowledge or consent and without his or her intent to revoke. The original Florida Will of a testator can be revoked in a number of ways but the individual must have the intent to revoke the will. When the original will of the decedent cannot be located after her death, it is presumed that the will was destroyed with the intent to revoke it. Overcoming this presumption in Florida requires the proponent of a lost will to carry the burden of introducing competent and substantial evidence.

In the recent case Brennan v. Estate of Brennan, the issue addressed by the 5th District Court of Appeals was whether affidavits alone are enough to prove a lost will or whether live witness testimony is required. Relying on a similar issue addressed by the Florida Supreme Court and the 3rd DCA, the 5th DCA determined that in order for a lost will to be admitted to probate Fla. Stat. § 733.207 requires testimony of one disinterested witness and a "correct copy" of the will, or testimony from two disinterested witnesses. Affidavits merely swearing the witnesses saw the decedent execute the lost will and that witness signed the will are insufficient to fulfill this requirement.

From this decision it is apparent that a draft of the will or some evidence be provided for admission to the probate court and depending on whether a "correct copy" of the will is offered, the testimony of one or two disinterested witnesses. Florida Probate issues are anything but simple so if you feel the need for assistance don't hesitate to contact a Florida Probate lawyer or Florida Estate Planning Lawyer. If you are considering a Florida Will modification, it may be wise to do a full disclosure to all beneficiaries and those close to you because it will provide peace knowing your final wishes have been acknowledged.

Yes, heirs have a right to see the will and to know everything about the assets and distributions. Yes, some personal effects can be distributed before the "will closes" or the probate is closed.

Florida probate laws include many protections for the beneficiaries of a probate estate. If you are a beneficiary under a Florida Will and there are assets that were required go through probate, you should have received some notifications.

You should require that the Custodian of the will deposit it with the court. If they refuse, they can be ordered to by the court and are subject to reimbursement of your legal fees.

If you have a relative that is unwilling to share the contents of a Florida Will you should contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer or Florida Probate Lawyer to discuss your options.

Note, in Florida you do not have any right to see a will while they are still alive.

Virtual adoption is not defined under the Florida Statutes. There was a recent Florida Bar article entitled Virtual Adoption: Not Just for Netizens written by Brian R. Dolan and Joel M. Commerford.

The Fifth District Court of Appeal listed the following elements which are necessary to establish a virtual adoption:

1. An agreement [to adopt] between the natural and adoptive parents;
2. Performance by the natural parent[s] of the child in giving up custody;
3. Performance by the child by living in the home of the adoptive parents;
4. Partial performance by the foster parents in taking the child into the home and treating the child as their child; and
5. Intestacy of the foster parents.

All five elements must be present, and these elements must be proven by clear and convincing evidence.

A virtual adoption means that the person is an heir and a possible PR.

In Florida, A personal representative shall be entitled to a commission payable from the estate assets without court order as compensation for ordinary services. The commission shall be based on the compensable value of the estate, which is the inventory value of the probate estate assets and the income earned by the estate during administration.

(a) At the rate of 3 percent for the first $1 million.
(b) At the rate of 2.5 percent for all above $1 million and not exceeding $5 million.
(c) At the rate of 2 percent for all above $5 million and not exceeding $10 million.
(d) At the rate of 1.5 percent for all above $10 million.

In addition a Florida Personal Representative shall be allowed further compensation as is reasonable for any extraordinary services including, but not limited to:

(a) The sale of real or personal property.
(b) The conduct of litigation on behalf of or against the estate.
(c) Involvement in proceedings for the adjustment or payment of any taxes.
(d) The carrying on of the decedent's business.
(e) Dealing with protected homestead.
(f) Any other special services which may be necessary for the personal representative to perform.

If the probate estate is in excess of $100,000 and there are 2 personal representatives, each shall be entitle to a full fee. If there are more than 2, then the PR in possession of the home shall be entitled to a full fee, and the remaining shall split an additional fee.

If the personal representative is a member of The Florida Bar and has rendered legal services in connection with the administration of the estate, then in addition to a fee as personal representative, there also shall be allowed a fee for the legal services rendered.

Upon petition of any interested person, the court may increase or decrease the compensation for ordinary services of the personal representative or award compensation for extraordinary services if the facts and circumstances of the particular administration warrant. In determining reasonable compensation, the court shall consider all of the following factors, giving weight to each as it determines to be appropriate:

(a) The promptness, efficiency, and skill with which the administration was handled by the personal representative;
(b) The responsibilities assumed by and the potential liabilities of the personal representative;
(c) The nature and value of the assets that are affected by the decedent's death;
(d) The benefits or detriments resulting to the estate or interested persons from the personal representative's services;
(e) The complexity or simplicity of the administration and the novelty of the issues presented;
(f) The personal representative's participation in tax planning for the estate and the estate's beneficiaries and in tax return preparation, review, or approval;
(g) The nature of the probate, nonprobate, and exempt assets, the expenses of administration, the liabilities of the decedent, and the compensation paid to other professionals and fiduciaries;
(h) Any delay in payment of the compensation after the services were furnished; and
(i) Any other relevant factors.

Matthew Gardner an Estate Planning Lawyer who writes the Iowa Estate Plan Blog has an article on a child conceived after death and how his state and Social Security treats this child as not being an heir of the decedent. The Iowa Probate Code and many states specify that in order to qualify as an "heir" under Iowa law, you must have been conceived prior to the death of the biological parent. You can see with recent medical advancements, this with become more of an issue as time goes on.

If you have a potential for future heirs after your death, you may consider the jurisdiction of your trust or estate to avoid or permit additional children to share in your estate.

Update:
Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.

In Florida all sorts of clerks, customer service people, insurance sales people, brokers, account managers, and other employees of financial institutions give customers advice about how to title accounts and name beneficiaries. In an effort to avoid probate, these seemingly harmless changes can cause many problems with estate plans.

Most new account forms at financial institutions ask you to name a beneficiary. This does not have to be completed and sometimes you are better off to leave it blank than to fill in a name or attempt to name a proper beneficiary.

Often when filling out beneficiary designations people do not understand how a share of the assets will be treated if that person predeceases them. Will the share go to their descendants or to other named beneficiaries and is that what was intended.

Other problem can happen when there are future children born who were not contemplated at the time the account was created or if all of the beneficiaries do not agree.

There are good ways of avoid Florida Probate , and it can often be dealt with through proper beneficiary designations, use of a will, or use of a Florida Revocable Trust.

Often a Florida Revocable Trust or Florida Will can simplify the need to change designations in the event of changes in your life such as a divorce, marriage, or birth or death of a family member. With a Florida Revocable Trust or Florida Will you can simply modify one document and it will take care of all of the accounts that are under it. Sometimes it is difficult or impossible to make changes when a spouse becomes incapacitated.

If you would like to review your Florida Estate Planning you should Contact an attorney familiar with Florida Estate Planning

Update:
Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.