Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog

Florida Revocable Trust's as well as those created in other states often have language that provides for the health, education, maintenance, and support of our spouses and children. Recently I was reading an article written by a CA Estate Planning Lawyer and firearms instructor on providing firearms training as an option within the definition of education. David R. Duringer wrote an article entitled Does the Definition of Education in Your Revocable Trust Allow for Firearms Training? and while it is a short article and only deals with firearms education, it got me thinking about other types of education and training that may be important to your beneficiaries or family tradition that you may want to include in your traditional revocable trust. Obviously this is something that would make sense to provide for in a NFA Gun Trust or a firearms trust designed specifically for firearms. In David's article he goes on to state

Such training can provide your children with the comfort of skill at arms so they can protect themselves and their own children, and furthermore, passes on American values necessary to preserve political independence of families in our society. Other benefits of such training can include increased personal responsibility and lower juvenile delinquency rates.

You may even want to go further with an incentive trust provision actually requiring this training, possibly with achievement standards.

Most people would not believe that a family pet needs to be subjected to the Florida Probate process, but Florida Law defines animals as personal property and as such are subject to probate just like other personal property. Fortunately we can create provisions in our Florida Revocable Trust to deal with our animals or at least to own them so that they are not subjected to probate. If you want to provide for more than an easy transfer of the ownership of the animals, you might consider pet trust provisions to allow for the care of the animal in the event they survive you.

Next time you talk with your Florida Estate Planning Lawyer ask them about your pet and how they will be dealt with if you were to die.

Will Contest Clauses are generally included to prevent children or beneficiaries from attempting to dispute their portion of an estate. In some states they are valid and many others like Florida they are not valid by statute.

Given that a No Contest Clause in a Will is invalid in a Florida Probate case, should they be used in Florida? If your will is contested and the end result under the state statute may be the same, it may provide any benefit to include the no contest language.

Today people move quite often and may have assets in other states that do recognize Will Contest clauses. Given that one of these situations may enable a no contest clause to be enforced, it might be a good idea to include them in your Florida Estate Planning Documents.

Under the Florida Trust Code a Florida Revocable Trust is not able to have a contest clause, unless the right to revoke the trust terminated prior to October 1, 1993.

While its not possible to have a no contest clause in a Florida Revocable Trust, Florida does allow a trust to specify the laws of another state to be used in interpreting and administering the trust. So in effect, by drafting your trust correctly, you can have a no contest clause.

There are several ways to accomplish the desired results from a no contest clause in a will or trust. To discuss your specific issues and how one might benefit you, contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer or Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer

Many of my Jacksonville Estate Planning clients ask me when and how often they should review their Florida Estate Plan. I like to recommend that people take a look at their situation on a yearly basis and if they notice any of the following, they should make an appointment with their Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

1. Change or contemplation of change in Marital status;
2. Death of spouse;
3. You or your spouses' health changes;
4. Death or change in the health or marital status of a trustee, executor, guardian, or beneficiary;
5. If you change your residence or move to another state;
6.. Change in or anticipation of the number of children or grandchildren whether by blood or adoption. Consider step-children also;
7. Any disabilities, health issues, or significant factors on lifestyle of children or grandchildren;
8. If you buy, sell, or contemplate buying or selling a business.
9. Upon the discovery of a hereditary issue that will or might affect you in the future; or
10. Change in tax law or its been more than two years since you reviewed your plan with your attorney.

As the use of genetic material becomes more accepted, the issue of what and how to deal with it has begun to be an important part of estate and trust planning and administration. Not only could this change distributions or dilute inheritance, but without guidelines or requirements for the disposition of genetic materials, there could be a conflict between the legal requirements of a trustee and what is ethically permissible as well as legal at the time of your death. The Wills, Trust & Estate Professors Blog has an article that references Jerry Coopers's article on Trust Administrators Tool-Up for Custody and Care of Client's Genetic Property.

This morning I woke up ready to leave on a trip to NY with my family. We had had this trip planned for several months and my wife and I like to travel a lot. As I got out of bed, something happened and I fell and hit my head on our new tile floor. Within seconds there was blood everywhere and I became disoriented. After spending more than 12 hours in the hospital, and after having been treated by one of the nicest Jacksonville Plastic Surgeons's that I have met, I began to think about how many estate planners take their own advice and have documents that are up to date and trusts that are funded.

I first became concerned with my Florida Estate Plan when I was going to London for an extended time and there had recently been some bombings in London. My wife refused to go, or let me go, if our plans were not set in writing prior to our departure.

Today as I sit in the hospital, I am thinking that If I did not have plans and my injury would have been more serious, it may have been more difficult for my wife to speak on my behalf. What if I have had a heart attack, stroke, or just been unconscious as a result of my fall and injury.

In the end, none of these documents was necessary, but it was comforting to know that they were in place if they were needed. While the emergency room did ask if they existed, they did not ask for a copy, nor would it have been easy to produce a copy upon admittance. The next thing I will do is keep a copy of them on my iPhone, and my wife's iPhone in case they are needed.

It just goes to show you that you never know when you might need Florida Estate Planning Documents. While my documents are up to date, I know most people do not have up to date Florida Estate Planning Documents. At the Apple Law Firm, we practice what we preach because each of ourselves place our family in harms way daily when we drive, walk down the street or get out of bed. If you would like a free review of your Estate Planning Documents under Florida law, let me know and I would be happy to make sure your documents are up to date and you understand what your options and obligations are.

One of the best benefits of a good estate plan is avoiding Florida Probate. To learn what is involved with a Florida probate request the Free Florida Probate Handbook

Florida Estate Planning Documents can be lost during a hurricane or tropical storm. Just when a Florida Will, Power of Attorney, or Florida Living Will, Designation of Health care Surrogate & HIPAA release.

You should protect your original signed documents by keeping them in with in waterproof container and if possible off the floor or at a bank in a safety deposit box A scanned copy of these documents should be keep with your and made available at an off site storage facility like Google or any free document storage provider.

If you home is damaged and is inside a Florida Revocable Trust you may have to provide an original copy of the trust to the insurance company.

As the storm season approaches, it may be a good idea to update your Florida Estate Planning Documents with any changes in your family or financial circumstances so that your documents are up to date with your intentions and your capabilities.

Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.

Trust Arbitration Clauses are common in Florida. In many states, they are not always enforced but Florida passed a law a few years ago that makes them enforceable in Trusts.

Florida Statute 731.041 Arbitration of disputes.

(1) A provision in a will or trust requiring the arbitration of disputes, other than disputes of the validity of all or a part of a will or trust, between or among the beneficiaries and a fiduciary under the will or trust, or any combination of such persons or entities, is enforceable.

(2) Unless otherwise specified in the will or trust, a will or trust provision requiring arbitration shall be presumed to require binding arbitration under Florida Statute 44.104.

We are often asked what is Arbitration?

Arbitration is process of dispute resolution in which a neutral third party (arbitrator) renders a decision after a hearing at which both parties have an opportunity to be heard. Where arbitration is voluntary, the disputing parties select the arbitrator who has the power to render a binding decision.

An arbitrator’s decision may be binding upon the parties or non-binding.

Binding arbitration is more common in trust documents, non-binding is usually a way to allow each side to test there position before having the full expense of a trial and is a hybrid of mediation and a trial.

Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.

Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.

Is a Florida Probate required if the decedent had a living trust?
Most people do not transfer all of their assets into a Florida Revocable Trust prior to their death. If their home, or other personal property was not transferred into the trust prior to their death, a Florida Probate may still be required to properly dispose of the remaining assets. Often bank accounts, IRA's, land, business interests, or other assets are not transferred property.

The probate will typically take the remaining assets and follow the instructions of the Florida Will to distribute them. If the will directs the assets to a trust it is called a Pour-over will.

What happens if the Florida Will directs the assets to a non-existent trust. Unless the Florida Will contemplates this, the assets will be transferred by the residuary clause in the will or in the case that this does not exist, they will transfer under the Florida intestate statutes or as if there was no will.

If you are looking to find out about Florida Beneficiary rights, or how property should be transferred in a Florida Probate Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer

Matthew Gardner an Estate Planning Lawyer who writes the Iowa Estate Plan Blog has an article on a child conceived after death and how his state and Social Security treats this child as not being an heir of the decedent. The Iowa Probate Code and many states specify that in order to qualify as an "heir" under Iowa law, you must have been conceived prior to the death of the biological parent. You can see with recent medical advancements, this with become more of an issue as time goes on.

If you have a potential for future heirs after your death, you may consider the jurisdiction of your trust or estate to avoid or permit additional children to share in your estate.

Update:
Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.

Florida Asset Protection Attorneys can help structure the ownership of assets to protect from liabilities and creditors. Often individuals own a bulk of their assets individually or in a Florida Revocable Trust, or in a corporation. The assets and businesses held in these entities can be subject to the claims of creditors if a judgment is obtained against the individual. In touch economic times like these it is more important than ever to protect your assets from the claims of creditors. You should discuss your assets and potential liabilities with a Florida Asset Protection Lawyer who also knows about Florida Estate Planning to make sure they are protected to the extent possible from claims that could cause you to lose the assets or income you have worked hard to create.

The Wall Street Journal has an article on Deciding if Your Kid is Trust-Worthy where they discuss using trust like a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer would use to protect your families assets.

Part of the article is devoted to helping you determine if your child or your children are the best ones to manage your finances or Florida Revocable Trust in the even you become incapacitated or die. These are areas you should discuss your your Florida Estate Planning Lawyer in an effort to determine how best to structure a Florida Revocable Trust.

In Jacksonville and around Florida we are often asked about the differences between a Florida Will and a Florida Revocable Trust. Although each persons circumstances are unique, generally the following factors tend to determine which is better in relation to disability and death in relation to the cost of a Florida Probate or avoiding Probate in Florida.

A Will tends to be the best tool if these issues fit your circumstances:

Limited cash flow
Limited assets, including life insurance

A Trust tends to be the best tool if these issues fit your circumstances:

Older clients
Large qualified retirement plans (IRA, 401k, 403b, etc.)
High cost / difficulty death probate state
Simple, outright disposition of assets at death
More sophisticated disposition of assets at death
Privacy issues
Possible or probable mental disability
Desire to make everything as easy and inexpensive as possible for heirs
Out-of-state real estate or timeshares
Complicated disposition issues
Out-of-state executors, trustees or guardians
Tax planning
Protection of inheritance for spouse, children and grandchildren
Planning for couples on second or subsequent marriage
Medicaid planning or qualification issues
Planning for beneficiaries with “special needs”

To find out which is best for your particular situation Contact a lawyer in Florida who is familiar with Florida Probate and Florida Estate Planning

Estate planning can help deal with the proper use and distribution of your assets upon a disability or your death. Below are several of the advantages of using a Florida Revocable Trust for Disability and Death Planning.

DISABILITY PLANNING

No probate, so everything remains private.
You decide the criteria for your disability and you pick those who will determine whether that criteria have been met.
You decide how your want your health care needs handled and you decide who will take on those duties.
You decide how you want your assets handled and you decide who will take on those duties.

DEATH PLANNING

No probate, so everything remains private.
By making your trust the centerpiece of your estate plan, you assure that distributions to your loved ones are exactly as you had planned.
You leave your assets to loved ones with certain protections. Unfortunate catastrophic illness expenses, divorces, accidents caused by your loved ones, or creditor problems will not cause the assets you leave your loved ones exposed to depletion as those issues are resolved.
By what you say in your trust (and by example), you leave your values to the next generation.
You achieve maximum federal estate, gift, and income tax savings.

To discuss how a properly drafted and implemented Florida Revocable Trust can help protect you in the case of disability or death, Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer

In Florida all sorts of clerks, customer service people, insurance sales people, brokers, account managers, and other employees of financial institutions give customers advice about how to title accounts and name beneficiaries. In an effort to avoid probate, these seemingly harmless changes can cause many problems with estate plans.

Most new account forms at financial institutions ask you to name a beneficiary. This does not have to be completed and sometimes you are better off to leave it blank than to fill in a name or attempt to name a proper beneficiary.

Often when filling out beneficiary designations people do not understand how a share of the assets will be treated if that person predeceases them. Will the share go to their descendants or to other named beneficiaries and is that what was intended.

Other problem can happen when there are future children born who were not contemplated at the time the account was created or if all of the beneficiaries do not agree.

There are good ways of avoid Florida Probate , and it can often be dealt with through proper beneficiary designations, use of a will, or use of a Florida Revocable Trust.

Often a Florida Revocable Trust or Florida Will can simplify the need to change designations in the event of changes in your life such as a divorce, marriage, or birth or death of a family member. With a Florida Revocable Trust or Florida Will you can simply modify one document and it will take care of all of the accounts that are under it. Sometimes it is difficult or impossible to make changes when a spouse becomes incapacitated.

If you would like to review your Florida Estate Planning you should Contact an attorney familiar with Florida Estate Planning

Update:
Jacksonville Probate Lawyer, David Goldman has put together a Florida Probate Handbook that is being offered free to readers and visitors of his websites. If you would like a copy, visit the Free Florida Probate Handbook web page, fill out the form, and one will be sent to you within 24 hours by email.

Back in 2006 and 2007 I wrote several articles on Digital Assets and Estate Planning. Now that we are in 2009, there is even more need for Digital Asset protection in your Florida Estate Planning Documents.

Digital assets are those that expire upon your death and are often associated with Email and website accounts. Most of these accounts are not actual property. They are licenses and these licenses generally expire upon your death. A new company Legacy Locker is attempting to solve this problem through a web based tool that stores account login and passwords and purports to transfer this information to the designated beneficiary upon your death or incapacity.

While their software is a good idea it has some issues in that it does not resolve the fact that the license expires upon the death of the person who creates it. One solution to this problem is to create the accounts in the name of a trust of business so that when you die, the entity that owns the license is still in existence. There are other companies that do similar things such as DeathSwitch.com

My previous articles on this topic include:

Speaking (or Emailing) from the Grave
Florida Estate Planning & Digital Assets
Digital Property After Death
Florida Estate Planning: Paperless Records Leave Heirs in the Dark

It seems like ever few months we hear about another company who provides living trust seminars to the public and scares them into purchasing unnecessary trusts.

Another "Trust Mill" has been found guilty of practicing law without a license by masquerading as qualified financial advisers, estate planners, lawyers, and paralegals to exploit and prey upon senior citizens with the creation and selling of unnecessary and often useless living trusts.

In this case The Estate Plan, a company operating in Texas and Arkansas, was hit with a $16 Million default judgment for fraud, unauthorized practice of law, negligence, breach of fiduciary duty and conspiracy.

The following update was added after receiving a letter clarifing some information that was reported incorrectly by other news sites.
NOTE and clarification of other reports on this topic.
According to M. Wade Kimmel who is counsel for CLA USA, Inc., CLA USA Insurance Services, CLA Marketing, CLA Estate Services, CLA insurance services, Charles Loper, Jr., Charles Loper, III, Steven Morgan Robert Reese, winning Strategies Marketing, Inc., Quest Staffing Group, Inc., James E. Bradshaw, Jr. Joel Carson, and Olaf Turek, his clients were not part of this suit and their case was severed and no longer associated with the default judgment mentioned above. Mr. Kimmel wrote to me that his clients case's are pending and his clients expressly denied the allegations in the suit.

Mr. Kimmel stated that the original suit involved his clients but that they were not properly joined and the court severed the cases. His clients were not involved in the default judgment. Any questions regarding M. Wade Kimmel's clients should be directed to him

Often each state will have an association that keeps track of horses and their owners. For example in TN there is the Walking Horse Owners' Association. Thoroughbreds are kept track of in the Jockey Club.
The transfer of ownership for all registered Thoroughbreds may be reported to The Jockey Club by completing a Transfer of Ownership Form or through Interactive Registration at http://registry.jockeyclub.com.

For Florida bread horses, they are kept track of through the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders' & Owners' Association

Often a Florida Revocable Trust is not modified promptly upon a divorce. If the trust is subject to Florida law, Florida Statutes 736.1105 can amend the trust when the prior spouse is named as a beneficiary and the other spouse creates the trust.

736.1105 Dissolution of marriage; effect on revocable trust.--Unless the trust instrument or the judgment for dissolution of marriage or divorce expressly provides otherwise, if a revocable trust is executed by a husband or wife as settlor prior to annulment of the marriage or entry of a judgment for dissolution of marriage or divorce of the settlor from the settlor's spouse, any provision of the trust that affects the settlor's spouse will become void upon annulment of the marriage or entry of the judgment of dissolution of marriage or divorce and any such trust shall be administered and construed as if the settlor's spouse had died on the date of the annulment or on entry of the judgment for dissolution of marriage or divorce.

If you have a joint trust that was not addressed in a divorce decree or anulent or have recently been divorced, you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to review your trust to make sure that your ex-spouse is treated as per your intentions and not what your documents state.

a Florida Revocable Trust is a trust created during the life of an individual which can be modified, amended, or revoked at anytime during their life. Often they are used to:

1. avoid Florida Probate;
2. Keep your assets and decisions private;
3. Simplify after death distributions;
4. Increase the amount of the estate tax exemption for a couple;
5. Simplify the management of the beneficiary designations on property and other assets; and
6. Keep property separate in the case of a divorce.

A Florida Irrevocable Trust cannot be easily changed after the trust is created. It often takes consent of the creator, beneficiary, and trustee or judicial modification. A Florida Revocable Trust becomes irrevocable after the Settlor or Grantor dies. Florida Revocable Trusts are often used for:

1. Estate tax reduction;
2. Removing Life insurance proceeds from one's taxable estate;
3. Asset protection for the creator;
4. Asset protection for the beneficiaries;
5. Charitable Estate Planning; and

To determine what type of Florida Trusts would be best for you, you could Contact a Florida Trust Attorney or a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer

While a Florida Revocable Trust can avoid the necessity for a Florida Probate to be filed, there are often circumstances that require a Probate. A Florida Revocable Trust only eliminates the need for a probate when it is funded and to the extent that your assets are inside the trust prior to death.

One of the most common problems is that people create trusts but never fund them or do not fund them completely. One of the most common assets, the Florida Homestead, must be dealt with or a probate will be required to transfer marketable title to the beneficiaries. Even though, the home, in most cases, will transfer automatically upon death under the Florida Constitution, it is necessary to open a Florida Probate to transfer the home with Marketable title. The title companies require the probate court to establish the home as a homestead, notify potential creditors, and have the title transferred in the probate to insure the home against future claims from creditors who claim they were not notified. For more information on this and other issues with avoiding probate, Julie Garger wrote an article why a Florida Revocable Trust may not avoid probate.

To discuss how you can reduce your risk of a probate in Florida Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 temporarily raises the basic limit on federal deposit insurance coverage (FDIC) from $100,000 to $250,000 per depositor. WARNING the basic deposit insurance limit will return to $100,000 after December 31, 2009.

The rise in insurance coverage applies to most trust accounts with no more than five beneficiaries.

Some benefits of establishing a Florida Revocable Trust include of avoiding probate, transfer upon death of property,reduced taxes, and privacy.

A Florida elder law attorney or Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer can help you determine whether your trust accounts are adequately insured or tell you whether your situation merits setting up a trust.

To discuss ways to reduce your estate taxes, avoid probate, and make the transfer of assets upon your death easy for your family and friends Contact a Jacksonville Estate Planning Attorney

Florida has the same problems that have been identified by Christopher Berry, An Estate Planning Attorney in Michigan who writes the Estate Planning in Michigan Blog. Christopher recently wrote an article on The Problem with Michigan Trust Mills where he describes an occurrence that happens all over the country. I have previously written about this topic on several occasions in an updated piece entitled Living Trust Mills Winding Up In Some States UPDATED. In that article, I started a list of other articles dealing with Living Trust Mills:

1. Texarkana Arkansas Living Trust Seminar Class Action suit
2. California Living Trust Mill Judgment
3.Texas Bar story reported by Professor Beyer of Wills, Trusts & Estates Prof Blog- Living trust Scams and Senior Consumer
4. Michael Bonasera wrote an article titledLiving Trust Scams/Trust Mills/Elderlaw Planning Seminars - STAY AWAY! where he Ohio's history with Trust Mills and cites a case Ohio Trust Mill Case of Cleveland Bar v Sharp Estate Services, Inc. which seems to have ended Trust Mills in Ohio.
5. Minnesota Sues "Trust Mills" on Consumeraffairs.com
6. Beware of Trust Mills when Estate Planning - by Randall Armour, CA Lawyer- reported on by Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog
7. Don’t Trust the “Trust Mills”, Traci D. Ellis Esquire
8. The Problem With Michigan Trust Mills, Christopher J. Berry, Esquire

For a while there articles on Trust Mills have been quite and I was beginning to think we had seen the last of them for a while. Hopefully this is a trend that is not starting again. If you need help with evaluation of your Florida Estate Planning Contact our Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer

Florida Statute 193.1556 requires that any changes regarding a person or entity owning real property under Florida Statute 193.1554 or Florida Statute 193.1555 are reported to the property appraiser.

This may affect some Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deeds. Under Florida Statute 193.1554(5), If the property is nonhomestead residential property, there is an exemption for the transfer between husband and wife, including transfer to a surviving spouse or a transfer due to a dissolution of marriage. The transfer to a revocable trust will not trigger a new assessment at fair market value.

On the other hand for all residential and non-residential property which is not protected by homestead there doesn't appear to be the same exemption under Florida Statute 193.1555(5).

In either case the transfer to a Florida Revocable Trust where there is simply a change between legal and equitable title, will not trigger a new assessment at fair market value.

One new issue is that it is now required to report a change in ownership or control when a business entity owns property. In the past, many were able to sell an entity and no notice to re-evaluate the taxable base would be generated. Now if you convert real property to personal property by selling the ownership in an LLC instead of the real estate holdings of the LLC, you still have to report the change in ownership.

To read more on Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deeds or Florida Revocable Living Trusts read some of the articles on this site or Contact a Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer

Spendthrift clauses can be confusing to trustees. The general idea with a Florida Spendthrift clause is that the beneficiaries cannot assign their interest in the trust to a creditor ( voluntarily or involuntarily)

Here is the test found in a typical clause under the new Florida Trust Code

Spendthrift Provisions. Each trust created by this Trust Agreement shall be a spendthrift trust to the fullest extent allowed by law. Prior to the actual receipt of trust property by any beneficiary, no property (income or principal) distributable under any trust created by this Trust Agreement shall, voluntarily or involuntarily, be subject to anticipation or assignment by any beneficiary, or to attachment by or to the interference or control of any creditor or assignee of any beneficiary, or be taken or reached by any legal or equitable process in satisfaction of any debt or liability of any beneficiary, and any attempted transfer or encumbrance of any interest in such property by any beneficiary hereunder prior to distribution shall be void.

The most common application of a Spendthrift Provision is to protect against involuntary assignment or bankruptcy.

While this may be fine with a small estate, this question often comes up with larger estates.
Why would I want to void my child's right to his 5 Million dollar distribution to avoid paying his creditors $25,000. Would it not be better in such a case to pay of the creditor and let my child enjoy and use the benefits of the trust rather than treat his a being predeceased?

Although it is not clear, the trustee can take this into consideration and make the distribution even though the creditor will receive a small portion of the decedents estate.

In these types of cases, I prefer to include language that a trustee can, in their discretion, make a payment when they know that a portion will go to a creditor of the beneficiary. Some times there is a limit placed on the amount and other times there is no limit placed on the maximum amount that can be used to pay a beneficiaries debts.

The Louisiana Estate Planning Law Blog has an article Whether you should include a "Spendthrift Trust" in your will? where they discuss using a spendthrift trust to prevent your children from loosing the money you leave to them.

If you want to make sure your children do not spend or loose all the money or assets you leave to them. It is also common to include a spendthrift provision in a NFA Gun or Firearms Trust to protect the items from being lost to a creditor. To find out more about how a Spendthrift Clause can help you Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer
about including a Spendthrift Provision in your Florida Estate Planning Documents

A Florida Living Trust is a Florida Revocable Trust created while a person is alive, while a Bypass Trust is usually a testamentary irrevocable trust. Some Bypass Trusts are created by a Living Trusts or even Florida Will.

A Trust is an ownership arrangement where property is held in the name of a "trustee" rather than in the name of the person who really owns the property. It is a separation of legal and equitable ownership. People often create Living Trusts for their own benefit, to avoid probate, address the possibility of future incapacity, or keep their finances private.

Normally, the person who creates a Living Trust names himself or herself as trustee and as beneficiary. Upon that person's death, all or a portion of the property which remains in the Living Trust passes according to the terms specified in the trust agreement.

A Bypass Trust is created when a husband or wife dies and their assets are more than the estate tax deduction. Currently this is when a couple is worth over $2,000,000. The Bypass Trust is a way to shelter the first spouse's $2,000,000 exemption from taxation when the surviving spouse dies, thereby doubling the amount that can be left tax-free to $4,000,000.

Also a Bypass Trust can protect the trust property from creditors' claims, and allow the deceased spouse to direct where the trust property passes when the other spouse dies.

The Ca Estate Planning Blog has an article on how to put your bank account in your Florida Revocable Trust . It is one of the most important things that can be done after setting up your Florida Living or Revocable Trust.

If you have not funded your Florida Revocable Trust please Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to make sure it is funded properly.

As the second marriage becomes more popular, it becomes more important than ever to protect your life insurance for your children. I received a call today where the second wife had changed the life insurance benefits to her name, as might be expected. Five months later the father of two children died. The second wife will receive all the benefits of the life insurance and non will go to help support the fathers biological children. When the wife dies, it is likely that the money will go to her biological children and the fathers children will receive nothing. What this the intent of the father? Probably not? Can anything be done to protect your assets for your descendants? yes

How can you allow a portion of the money to be available for the benefit of a second or third wife and give part to your biological children. One way is through changes in the beneficiary designations. Although this can be difficult and some companies require the consent of the spouse, it is not impossible.

The better way, is to set up a revocable trust. The trust can designate who you would like to receive the proceeds and how you want the money distributed. Even better, once you create the trust, you can amend it.

It is best to create the trust before you get married, and amend it when you choose. Paul A. Rabalais of the Estate Planning Law Firm of Louisiana Blog recently wrote a similar article on this topic that you may want to review for more information.

If you need help creating a Florida Revocable Trust Contact a Florida attorney who is familiar with Florida Estate Planning Documents

Miller v. Goodall, 958 So. 2d 952 (Fla. 4th DCA April 25, 2007)

A daughter filed a petition to determine her mother’s incapacity and be appointed as guardian.

The ward’s sister (daughter's aunt) also filed a petition seeking to be appointed as plenary guardian.

The court denied the sister’s petition and instead appointed a third party attorney as plenary guardian.
The sister appealed the case on two grounds, arguing:

1) the court lacked personal jurisdiction over the ward, and
2) the court erred by not complying with the ward’s preneed guardianship declaration that named the sister as guardian.

The appellate court noted the trial judge had also considered section 744.3124, Florida Statutes which states the court shall appoint a preneed guardian "unless the court determines that appointing such person is contrary to the best interests of the ward" and had specifically found it was contrary to the ward’s best interests to appoint her sister.

Gurfinkel v. Marmor, 32 Fla. L. Weekly D2931 (Fla. 3rd DCA December 12, 2007)

The decedent’s trust beneficiaries challenged a pre-death "amendment" executed by the decedent’s spouse as attorney in fact pursuant to a valid Durable Power of Attorney . The amendment "deleted" the trust’s primary asset stock in a family corporation. The stock was subsequently transferred to one of the decedent’s sons. The trial court relied upon language in the Durable Power of Attorney to uphold the amendment. The appellate court reversed, relying upon language in the Trust which indicted powers granted by the trust could be exercised only by the grantor and not by a conservator, guardian, or any person other than the grantor.

What does this mean, if you want your agent acting under a Durable Power of Attorney to be able to change your trust, your trust should include language to allow for it.

To review your Durable Power of Attorney and Florida Revocable Trust Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Bryan v.Dethlefs, 959 So. 2d 314 (FIa. 3d DCA May 16, 2007)

The decedent’s trust stated,

"Upon my death, the then balance of principal and accumulated income remaining in the trust fund shall be distributed to my grandson, Robert R. Bizzell, if he is living at the time of distribution."

The lower court agreed with Bizzell’s half-sister and the appellate court affirmed, reviewing that the law favors early vesting of estates and any doubts should be resolved in favor of vesting.

The court determined the trust provision in question mandated distribution upon the death of the decedent and the last clause of the sentence "if he is living at the time of distribution" could lead only to the conclusion that the time of distribution intended by the decedent was at his death.

Only five weeks before his death Leonard R. Brener made a change to his will. He decided to change his beneficiaries form four local charities to his niece and her husband who took care of him while he was dying.

The non-profits were stunned and file a suit to battle over the money. The case took more than five years that the state appeals court recently ruled that Brener was mentally competent and his decision to leave the money to his family should stand.

The charities tried to argue that his change was unnatural because it would trigger significant estate taxes which he had previously stated he wanted to avoid.
(Estate taxes on 8M today are 2.7 Million Dollars) with proper estate planning its possible to have reduced the tax to 1.8 Million or less) Although the estate taxes from 2001 were significantly more than they are today.

This lengthy estate battle could have been avoided with the privacy afforded by a Florida Revocable Trust and some explanation within the will as to why the changes were being sought. In addition a Florida Revocable Trust would help to avoid the costs associated with a Florida Probate. If you would like more information on how a Florida Revocable Trust could benefit your or your family, Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer for more information.

When creating a revocable trust you may be asked for a Employment ID number (EIN) or Tax ID to open the account or fill out the paperwork. Many banks do not understand the difference between a revocable and a irrevocable trust. Although irrevocable trusts require TAX ID or EIN's revocable trusts do not require them.

When this happens to you, it may be difficult to get them to understand why they do not need this information. It is best to just fill out that section with your social security number - which is your Tax ID number.

If you have questions on a Florida Revocable Trust you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Florida judge who presided over the Terri Schiavo case until her death, has a new assignment. He no longer judges Florida Guardianship cases. He judges divorce cases.

The Judges transfer from Florida Probate and Florida Guardianship court to family court should allow Judge Greer who is now 65 to serve the next three years in obscurity before his retirement.

Judge Greer is nationally famous and has 20 honors displayed in his chambers. The largest is the 2005 President's Award of Merit from the Florida Bar, "for your unswerving commitment to the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary and the fundamentals of American democracy."

With the recent cases like Britney Spears competency hearing, many have found the need for a Durable Power of Attorney and the Schiavo case is a good reason people need a Florida Living Will. After all if Schiavo had a Florida Living Will she and Judge Greer would not have had the national spotlight. The fight was only because Schiavo did not have a Florida Living Will.

If you would like a Power of Attorney or Florida Living Will please Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your needs.

The most common problem with Florida Estate Planning or estate planning in general is that those how are in the most need of the benefits a Florida Revocable Trust can offer are the ones who usually fail to fund their trust.

Creating a Florida Revocable Trust is only the beginning. No benefits are received by signing the documents. It is only when the Florida Revocable Trust is funded that the benefits of the trust can be used.

These benefits include avoiding delays in probate, reducing or eliminating the costs associated with a Florida Probate, and not having your assets or the distribution of your assets in the public record.

There are many other benefits that are specific to each Florida Revocable Trust .

If you have not funded your Florida Revocable Trust now is the time to do so. Don't forget to transfer your bank accounts, stocks, bonds, land, and other assets. Generally personal property can be assigned to the Florida Revocable Trust with a simple assignment. This is one type of asset that many people forget about and can often cause a Florida Probate to be necessary.

For more information on how to fund or create a Florida Revocable Trust Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

As the Estate tax exemption continues to increase, fewer and fewer American families are subjected to the death Taxes. On the other hand this is creating a real problem with probate fees. Since fewer families are concerned with estate taxes, the overlook the fees associated with probate.

There are many techniques used to avoid the need for assets to be subjected to probate. These include: Joint accounts, payable on death designations, beneficiary designations, and Florida Revocable Trust . There are many issues that determine which of the methods is best for your particular situation.

With the increase in divorces and numbers of families with children from outside the current marriage, the Florida Revocable Trust often offers the best flexibility. It is important to evaluate a clients objectives, the risks associated with each method, and the costs.

To find out of a Florida Revocable Trust is the right solution for you, please Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your specific circumstances.

Britney’s dad had was appointed as conservator of her person and co-conservator of her estate, which means her dad is now in control of what Britney can do, who she can see, and he’s controlling all access to her bank accounts and credit cards.

Over the weekend, Britney attempted to hire her own lawyer to fight her dad’s attempt to take over her personal and financial affairs.

But, the Court refused to recognize Andrew Streisand as Britney’s lawyer because the court-appointed lawyer assigned to evaluate Britney said that Brit doesn’t have capacity right now to hire her own lawyer.

You’d think that someone with her wealth would have a Will , a Revocable Trust , Health Care Directives, Powers of Attorney, Guardian Nominations … basically a comprehensive estate plan.

It’s too late now for Britney, but it’s not too late for you … today having a personal lawyer is both accessible and affordable and if you own your home, care about your family, and want a trusted advisor to call when you are in crisis, you should have your own. To create of review your Florida Estate Planning Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Florida changed their statute regarding Power of Attorney several years ago. It seems that many banks and other financial institutions were not honoring existing powers of attorney documents. Florida changed Florida Statute 709 to allow for enforcement and recovery of expenses associated with the improper denial of a Power of Attorney.

Clients often ask if what limits there are on a Power of Attorney or a Durable Power of Attorney .

Although a client can limit the powers in a Power of Attorney the right to change a Florida Will under Florida Law. Recently we have begun adding specific provisions to allow for the modification of a Florida Revocable Trust with a Durable Power of Attorney. When this happens it is important to also include provisions in the Florida Revocable Trust to allow for the modification by Durable Power of Attorney. Charles Rubin who writes the Rubin on Tax blog has an article where he discusses this. There was a recent Florida Case where a Florida Revocable Trust was in conflict with a Power of Attorney. The court ruled that the prohibition by the Florida Revocable Trust on modification by Power of Attorney trumped the Power of Attorney.

As the Percentage of Florida Millionaires continues to rise, the need for more complex Florida Estate Planning continues to increase.

When ones assets are significant the benefits of a Florida Revocable Trust in conjunction with a Florida Will are increased. Florida's probate fees can rapidly approach 30,000 dollars on some of these estates. These fees can be greatly reduced or eliminated with proper planning. Even Florida residents who have a Florida Revocable Trust may need some additional documents to avoid probate. One such document that Florida's millionaires might consider is the Florida Enhanced Life Estate Deed or Florida LadyBird Deed .

To discuss what steps you family can take to reduce your estate taxes and probate fees, Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your situation.

Drafting and transfer of assets is an important aspect of a Florida Will or a Florida Revocable Trust. Real estate held by a company will not transfer to the trust unless the ownership of the company interest is transferred.

In a recent Florida case a testator never transferred the ownership of his business entity. When he died the trust directed that the property go to one beneficiary. His will transferred the residual to his wife.

The court in Vaughan v. Boerckel, 963 So. 2d 915 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007), affirmed judgment for the widow, holding that the failure to transfer title to the realty to the trustee meant that title remained in the corporation all the shares of which passed to the widow.

If you have assets owned by a Florida Limited Liability Company or corporation and wish to have your trust dictate how the assets will be transferred upon your death, you should Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to help you with your Florida Estate Planning.

This article was also reported on by Professor Gerry Beyer who writes the Wills, Trusts & Estate Professor Blog and Michael Bonesara who writes The Ohio Trust & Estate Blog.

When considering getting married for the second time, or to someone with a prior family it is important to consider Estate Planning, Long-Term Care, the family home, Social Security, Alimony, Survivor's Annuities, and College Financial aid as an article on Forbes has reported.

Florida Estate Planning becomes very important when there are children from outside the current marriage. A spouse in Florida is entitled to a 30% share of all assets unless there is a prenuptial or post nuptial waiver.

in addition aFlorida Revocable Trust or prenuptial agreement might not keep a spouse from being responsible for long-term care and can have an effect on Florida Medicaid Planning and Eligibility

The Florida Supreme court has said that a spouse may wave their rights to a family home, but the constitutional rights of the Florida Homestead are very strong and should be considered.

Social Security needs to be considered an the benefits from former will be affected by remarrying before the age of 60. After age 60 you may be able to collect benefits from a new spouse if those benefits are higher.

Alimony and Survivor's Annuities will likely end if you remarry.

College Financial Aid might be affected if the income of the family changes.

For more information on Florida Estate Planning Contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

How is a Florida Estate Plan different if you or your spouse is not a citizen of the United States? The Connecticut Elder Law Blog reported in an article that if non U.S. citizens have a completely different set of estate tax rules to contend with.

If the U.S. citizen dies first, then the estate tax could become due at that point and the government does not wait until the death of the second spouse like when both are U.S. citizens. Michael Keenan states that the a common approach is to use a QDOT to deal with this issue.

if you or your spouse is not a U.S. citizen you should contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to understand how this can affect your estate planning.

Mark Jakubik of the Pennsylvania Estate Planning Lawyer Blog posted an article Reasons to Prepare a "Living Trust" where he has compiled a good list of reasons. They are:

* Avoiding probate. Since the property is no longer in your name as an individual, but is now in your name as trustee, there is no reason to go through probate. This is a savings of 5%-10% of your gross estate. An additional benefit is that it will only take weeks instead of years to transfer your property to your heirs.

* The trust will remain private. Unlike a will, which has to be filed as a public record in the probate court, the trust remains a private document even after your death.

* With certain provision in the trust, you can completely avoid or reduce estate taxes. This can mean savings of literally thousands of dollars.

* You avoid the potential of a guardianship hearing because you have already named someone to take your place if you are unable to handle your affairs. In addition, you can set up your trust to allow your family Doctor to make the decision of whether you can handle your own affairs. The alternative is to allow a judge to do this in a public hearing.

* If your heirs are too young or immature to handle the money you will leave them when you die, you can use a trust to determine when they will receive the money and how much they will receive each time. For example, you can leave instructions that say, when my child reaches 30, he gets 1/3 of the property. When he reaches 35, he gets another 2/3. And when he reaches 40, he would receive the final 1/3, or the remaining balance of the estate.

* The trust is less open to attack than a will. This means that your wishes have a better chance of being carried out.

* In the context of a second marriage, the trust is an excellent way to protect both the surviving spouse and the children from your previous marriage.

* If you have property in another state the trust will eliminate the probate in the other state.

* Transferring property through a trust allows your property to receive a stepped up basis. This could greatly reduce the amount of capital gains tax your heirs will pay.

* Setting your finances in order will give you peace of mind.

Not all of the numbers are the same for Jacksonville Florida Living Trusts. Please contact a Jacksonville Living Trust Lawyer to discuss your needs.

When reviewing your Florida Estate Plan be sure that your will does not conflict with other actions you have taken to avoid probate.

Assets that have joint ownership, payable on death designations or beneficiaries will not pass to the beneficiaries names in your Florida Estate Planning Documents. Often a person's will leave assets split equally among their heirs. When a bank account, IRA, CD, or life insurance policy names someone else as the owner, the asset is not counted as part of the estate and the asset will not be split how the will designates.

This can reduce the amount of assets that other beneficiaries receive compared to the person who is the joint owner or beneficiary of the bank account, IRA, CD, or life insurance policy.

One solution to this problem is the use of a funded Florida Revocable Trust or Florida Living Trust. The technique would be to name the trust as the beneficiary and have the trust make the distributions as you want.

For more details on these or other techniques you should contact to a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer or have your attorney review all of your account designations along with your Florida Estate Planning Documents.

As Baby boomers retire and move to Florida or other states, one of the jobs of an Estate Planning Lawyer is to review the Beneficiaries on IRA and other types of accounts. Denice Glerach a lawyer in Naperville wrote an article discussing this problem and suggesting some solutions for IRA's suggesting that most people do not realize that the money in a traditional IRA account or employee benefit accounts are subject to income taxes by the recipient as well as estate taxes upon the death of the IRA owner.

Several options are mentioned
Leaving the IRA to a charity - Should eliminate the income tax and estate tax.
Leaving the account to a trust to defer income tax and protect it from creditors.
Structuring the trust correctly to reduce or defer income taxes by spreading the distributions.
Using a Conduit trust or an accumulation trust as the designated beneficiary to qualify as a designated beneficiary to help protect the assets. and
Not missing real people with charities was beneficiaries because charities are not considered to have a life expectancy.

You review the beneficiaries on your estate planning documents and all accounts on a regular basis.

Randall Armour of the Santa Clarita Valley Signal wrote an article discussing Trust Mills and gives some advice on how to spot a trust mill and several problems associated with them.

1. Trust mills often prepare documents after the client has filled out a simple check-the-box-type questionnaire. Little or no counseling or advice is given to the client and the client may meet with a “paralegal,” CPA or financial adviser, but not with an attorney.

2. The cost of the documents is a good indicator of whether or not you are dealing with a trust mill. Trust mills usually charge from $300 to $700 for their documents. Just remember, you get what you pay for — in this case, not very much!

3. Trust mills often provide documents for limited purposes such as avoiding probate or estate taxes.

4. A major problem with trust mills is the lack of proper assistance in funding the trust. Most mill trusts created are not properly funded and the documents do not provide a way of funding the trust after death without probate. A trust must be properly funded to work.

Some common issues not dealt with by Trust Mills are:

Failure to fund, mentioned above.
Failure to consider retirement funds and insurance policy funds which could lead to increased estate taxes, distributions, and income tax.
Failure to address issues such as incompetency, children from prior marriages and tailoring management and distribution of assets for beneficiaries who may be unable to properly manage their inheritance.

For more issues with Trust Mills and what other states are doing to stop them from harming their citizens see this article.

Although there are no current verdicts against Florida Companies, many states have taken action against living Trust Scams / Trust Mills / and Elder Law Planning Seminars. Michael Bonasera of Buckingham Doolittle & Burroughs, LLP and author of the The Ohio Trust & Estate Blog wrote an article titled Living Trust Scams/Trust Mills/Elderlaw Planning Seminars - STAY AWAY! where he mentions a previous posting on this Blog, Florida Estate Planning Lawyers Blog, on a similar topic dealing with a Texarkana Arkansas class action suit.
I thought I would start a list of Living Trust Scam Articles and resources on my blog.

1. Texarkana Arkansas Living Trust Seminar Class Action suit
2. California Living Trust Mill Judgment
3.Texas Bar story reported by Professor Beyer of Wills, Trusts & Estates Prof Blog- Living trust Scams and Senior Consumer
4. Michael Bonasera wrote an article titledLiving Trust Scams/Trust Mills/Elderlaw Planning Seminars - STAY AWAY! where he Ohio's history with Trust Mills and cites a case Ohio Trust Mill Case of Cleveland Bar v Sharp Estate Services, Inc. which seems to have ended Trust Mills in Ohio.
5. Beware of Trust Mills when Estate Planning - by Randall Armour, CA Lawyer- reported on by Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog

The Supreme Court upheld the limits on income tax deductions for a trustsor estate. The Court ruled against the Knight family (they created Pepperidge Farm).

The Court said trusts ordinarily may not deduct the full cost of investment advice on their income tax returns. These expenses are only deductible when they exceed 2 percent of adjusted gross income of the entity. These are the same as with individuals.

The case dealt with a small dispute and involved the Trusts income tax return.

The trust reported that it spent $22,241 on investment advice and deducted all of it on its tax return. The Internal Revenue Service said the expenses could be deducted only to the extent they exceeded the 2 percent floor. The discrepancy was $4,448.

The trust sued in U.S. Tax Court, which ruled for the government and the case was affirmed by the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals before being heard by the Supreme Court

The case is Knight v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 06-1286.

Fox Business has an article on A New and Smart Way to Leave Your IRA to a Minor where they discuss the importance of reviewing beneficiaries on all acounts including insurance, annuities, and retirement plans.

They discuss leaving a percentage of the account rather than a dollar amount as this can cause complications if there are not enough assets in the account.

"If you don’t name someone in your will to act as “financial guardian” for your granddaughter, then your IRA will end up in probate court with a judge making the decision. And it might not be the person you’d want. (Your son-in-law, for instance.)"

Not only that, once the probate court is involved, it can get very expensive, depending upon the laws of the state where the minor lives. “The court gets joint jurisdiction,” says Goldberg. It can require the guardian to post bond and prepare annual reports on how the money was spent. You may need pre-approval each time you want to take a withdrawal. The court could require that the money be taken out as a lump sum, negating the benefits of “stretching” withdrawals over your granddaughter’s life expectancy.

To avoid the jurisdiction of the probate court, you can leave your IRA to a trust instead of directly to your granddaughter. As the beneficiary of the trust, she would still receive all of the benefit of your IRA. You get to appoint a trustee- which can’t easily be changed by a court- and this individual would take the annual required distributions from your IRA. The money goes into the trust and, based on the conditions you set, it can either be paid out to cover some of your granddaughter’s living expenses or accumulated to pay for college.

Vanguard recently sent their clients a notice that they would no longer allow their clients to name different beneficiaries for multiple IRA accounts and would be changing the beneficiaries to whomever was named last.

If you have a Florida Estate Plan that uses POD or beneficiary designations, this could significantly change your estate planning.

It is important to check your designations on all accounts.
- Make sure all accounts have beneficiaries to avoid a Florida Probate.
- Consider using a Floria Revocable Trust to manage your beneficiaries. A Florida trust can manage all of the beneficiaries in one documents. Remember that if you are leaving a percentage to a Charity to deal with this properly so there are no adverse tax and distribution consequences.

If you have questions about payable on death designations, beneficiaries, or joint accounts, please contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to help you understand the implications and benefits of using a Florida Trust.

If you live in a Jacksonville or another city in Florida where the Chief law Enforcement Officer (CLEO) will not or easily sign a Form 4, there are several solutions.
Class 3 Weapons include suppressors, , short barrel rifles, machine guns, and other destructive devices.

The most common solution is to create a NFA revocable trust to hold title to the firearm or class 3 items.

A NFA Gun Trust, Class 3 Firearms Trust, Florida Limited Liability Company, or Florida Corporation is a legal entity established under state law. For NFA purposes many individuals prefer the a Revocable Trust over a corporation or LLC because the cost is far less on an ongoing basis. Business entities typically have state filing fees of around $150 a year. In addition there are the costs of tax preparation, compliance and filings with the IRS. In Florida and many other states Revocable Trusts like the NFA or Firearms trust do not require any disclosure or public filings. This means the ownership, control, and management is private.

Although most Florida Revocable or Living Trusts can hold firearms or other class 3 items, many are not properly setup to deal with the issues involving firearms and other items which are regulated by the National Firearms Act (NFA). If the NFA is violated, the people in possession, and who transferred the items are subject to criminal charges, substantial fines, and forfeiture of not only the class 3 items in question but all firearms in the possession or ownership. ($250,000 penalty, 10 years in prison, and forfeiture of items)

The gun or firearms trust must give the Trustee instructions and special powers so that they can legally manage for unplanned events. Weapons and other assets in a Firearms Trust can not be distributed like other assets upon the death or incapacity of the person who placed the items in the trust(The Grantor or Settlor).

There are many advantages to a firearms trust, if you own or plan to purchase a class 3 items you should contact a lawyer who is familiar with these issues and can design a trust to protect you and your family from liability. If you are in Florida you can contact me and if you are in another state I would be happy to get you in touch with a lawyer in your state who can provide information on Gun Trusts.

Accidental disinheritance is a growing problem. It's a problem, in part, because there are too many death-disposition instruments now that dispositions are slipping through the cracks to the wrong people.

Paul Rabalais wrote about this on Your Louisiana Estate Planning Blog where he describes some of the more common ways people are disinherited. He mentions several life events that cause unintended consequences.

1) Failing to update your will yearly.
2) Ineffective wills
3) Divorce
4) Remarriage
5) Conflicting disposition instruments.

You should have your Florida estate plan reviewed on a regular basis. This should include a review of any changes in assets. To have your estate plan reviewed please contact a Jacksonville Estate Planning Attorney.

Often the first thing that comes to mind with Florida Estate Planning is a Florida will or Florida living trust. Although these are valuable documents they do not have any effect on the distribution of many assets.

We recommend that our Jacksonville residents make sure their beneficiary designations are updated as these control the distribution of many assets. When a Florida Living Trust is part of an estate plan, you can designate your trust to be the beneficiary of most assets. It is important to make sure that the trust is the proper beneficiary. With some assets like retirement plans, you may not want your trust to be the beneficiary as it can have adverse consequences when charities are named as beneficiaries of the trust.

Your beneficiaries need to be updated on a regular basis and in the event of a life event (birth, death, marriage, divorce...). We recommend naming contingent beneficiaries in these documents.

You should review your Florida Estate Planning Documents with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to make sure your intentions are fulfilled.

Starting January 1, 2008 every non-spouse designated beneficiary will have the option to rollover an inherited IRA and stretch distributions. To take advantage of this opportunity your Florida estate plan must be setup correctly to qualify for this rollover opportunity. You are not entitled to a rollover, you must prove you meet the technical legal requirements. Let’s take a look at why your family would not qualify for the new IRA rollover opportunity.

The IRS has very specific rules for how a trust can qualify as a see through trust and treated as a designated beneficiary. The top level bullet point requirements are:

The trust must be valid under state law;
The trust must be irrevocable or become irrevocable when the IRA owner dies;
The trust beneficiaries must be identifiable from the trust instrument;
Proper documentation must be provided to the IRA custodian.

The most common issue is the requirement that beneficiaries be identifiable from the trust document. Often trust documents do not contain adequate language to comply with the IRS rule. Make sure you have the proper language to qualify for rollover treatment.

Rollover treatment is a privilege, not a right. Your family will not qualify for rollover treatment if you do not follow the rules in your estate plan. Make sure you and your Florida Estate Planning lawyer or attorney understands the requirements and that your estate plan doesn’t fall apart on this critical issue.

There have been many revisions to Florida's Trust Code and I have touched on some of them on this blog in the past.

There have been major changes to creditors rights. Creditors cannot compel distributions from or attach or otherwise reach a beneficiary's interest in a third party discretionary trust whether or not:

1) The trust has a spendthrift provision;
2) The discretion is subject to a standard; or
3) The trustee has abused the discretion.

If you have questions about creditors rights and the New Florida Trust Code please contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to discuss your concerns with.

Next time you attend a Living trust seminar in Jacksonville Florida or where ever you live, you may want to think twice. This week Family First Advanced Estate Planning, and insurance company, and a life insurance company who targeted low cost estate planning to seniors settled with the Attorney General of California.
An article on Kristen Howe's Blog states:

I caution everyone to remember the old saying “If something looks too good to be true it probably is.” If someone is offering to write a revocable trust and a will for you for free or for just a few hundred dollars, you have to ask yourself why. The two big lessons to be learned from this case are:

1. Do not let anyone who is not an attorney write an estate plan for you. There are just too many complexities in this area of the law to trust it to someone who is not educated.
2. Do not take investment advice from anyone who sells any kind of investment product. Period. It doesn’t matter what it is, life insurance, annuities, mutual funds.

If they make their living selling it they cannot possibly give you objective investment advice about it. If you believe you have been victimized by Family First, another trust mill or by annuity fraud, you should report the crime to the local district attorney or the Department of Insurance. You may also file a complaint with the Attorney General.

Although this problem did not involved lawyers the general ideal of seminars where you are told that everyone can benefit from a Florida Living trust have problems also. You should only consider a Florida living trust if you meet with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer and determine that your finances and needs require and justify a living trust.

Could you imagine an Estate Planning Lawyer selling wills or estate planning documents with a disclaimer in small print that your documents may not be valid in Louisiana or some other state.

Today I found another example of when using quicken is a bad idea. Paul Rabalais the author of Estate Planning in Louisiana: A Layman's Guide to Understanding Wills, Trust, Probate, Power of Attorney, Medicaid, Living Wills & Taxes and Your Louisiana Estate Planning Blog wrote an article about how buying Quicken can be the Worst Buy at Best Buy. Apparently there is a small print on their software which says Estate Planning documents Not Valid in Louisiana. I wonder what other states their documents are not valid in. I have examined several trusts created by quicken, and they do not address the new Florida Trust Code that was implemented in 2007.

Some other examples of Do it your self wills and bad news are covered in my articles listed below

Do it Yourself Wills? More bad news and
Do it Yourself Wills? a Good Idea or Not?
Do it yourself Estate Planning: Bad News Part 3
Do it yourself Estate Planning: Bad News Part 4
Do it yourself Estate Planning: Bad News Part 5
Do it yourself Estate Planning: Bad News Part 6
Do it yourself Estate Planning: Bad News Part 7

If you have used software, a form, or an online service to prepare your will, you should have it reviewed by a Florida Estate planning Attorney for potential problems.

A Living Trust is a tool used by Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyers to hold assets for the benefits for one or more beneficiaries. Often the initial beneficiaries are the people who create them. In this case, a person or couple can use the assets of the trust just like they would do with their own assets. The big advantage to a Florida Living Trust is that upon the death of the creators of the trust, the assets have a predefined beneficiary.

This enables properly created trust assets to avoid the delays and costs associated with a Florida Probate. Florida's new trust code requires that to be eligible to create a Florida Trust, you must some nexus or connection with the state of Florida.

Some additional benefits of a Florida Revocable Trust are that the way in which the assets are distributed are not public like with a will or assets that pass under the state's intestate statutes.

Assets that are to pass to young children can be held for them until they become responsible or reach a predefined age.

There are no tax consequences of having assets in a revocable trust in Florida. Once the creator (grantor or settlor) dies, the trust is converted into an irrevocable trust and a Federal Employee number must be obtained.

If you are considering a Florida Revocable Trust, have a revocable trust from another state, or want to find out how a Florida Revocable Trust can benefit you, contact a Florida Revocable Trust Attorney or a Florida Living Trust Lawyer for more information.

A Florida Trusts are created to fulfill different needs and obligations. Today people find it necessary to protect their investments and properly allocate their resources while taking the least risks with regards to finances. A Jacksonville Trust Lawyer can help you analyze your assets and determine if a Living Trust will work for you.

Some Florida Trust are created for the purpose of privacy. The terms of a Florida trust are not public, unlike the terms of a Florida will.

Trusts are also created to protect one’s assets. There are different types of Florida Truss based on individual needs. Often a spendthrift provision is included in a Florida Trust to protect beneficiaries from creditors or assignment of the assets.. These can protect a person from his or her own lack control his or her own money.

Florida Trust are also created for Florida wills and Florida estate planning. Trusts are often present in wills Often if a person's children are under 18, a trust is created to hold and protect assets until the required age is reached.

Florida Trust are also created for charities. Sometimes trusts, proven to be very flexible of functioning as an investment vehicle, are created as investment trusts.

Florida Trusts are also widely used for asset protection, tax planning, and co-ownership of properties.

If you think you may benefit from a Florida Trust , please contact a Florida Trust Lawyer or Attorney to help evaluate your needs and what type of Florida Trust may be best for your circumstances.

When was the last time you sat down with someone to review your Floria trust, Florida will, Florida power of attorney, health care directive, and other documents intended to make sure that your assets will be managed and distributed according to your wishes? If it has been longer than a year, you are probably overdue for an estate planning check-up.

Changes in your assets

Acquiring different of assets or changes in the value of the assets may require Estate Planning that was not anticipated.

Changes in the law

Florida Estate plans become outdated or are not as effective over time. This year there were substantial changes to the Florida Trust laws that are retroactive on older trusts. Recent tax changes can have a dramatic impact on how estates are planned. There have been changes in health care privacy laws which can make it difficult for family members to care for loved ones without the proper documents.

Changes in family circumstances or relationships

Events such as births, deaths, marriages and divorces can have significant impacts on an Florida estate planning. Your feelings about people who you appointed to handle your estate or make health care decisions can change.

Changes in your goals or desires
A change in your goals or desires throughout their lives can also effect Florida Estate Planning.

To update your Florida Estate Planning contact a licensed Florida Estate Planning Lawyer and discuss your current documents and desires.

The Ferrell Law Firm in Memphis bloghas a series on Living Trusts vs. Wills. Many of the issues discussed are similar to those in Florida. For those of you who are unsure as to whether you need a living trust, will, or both you might review their 4 part article.

Their Answer to "How can a living trust save on estate taxes?"
If you die in 2007 or 2008 and the net value of your estate (assets minus debts) is more than $2 million, federal estate taxes must be paid on the excess at a rate of 45%. If you are married, your living trust can include a provision that will let you and your spouse leave up to $4 million estate tax-free to your loved ones, saving up to $900,000 in taxes.

To create a Florida Living Trust or Florida Will contact a Florida Estate Planning lawyer

Many Florida residents include language in their Florida estate planning documents which leave either a fixed sum or a percentage of their estate to one or more charities.

The most common gift is an outright bequest of property to a named charity from a Florida Will or Florida Revocable Trust. The gifts can be any type of property and often consultation with a tax adviser as to which property to leave can produce additional tax savings. Analysis of the size of the estate, and the cost basis of various assets can make significant differences.

In addition, careful attention needs to be made to the selection of the asset and how it is described in the documents. Contingencies can be made for a change in assets if the person wants to make a gift even if that asset does not exist.

One major area of concern is making a charitable gift from a Florida Living Trust if there are retirement assets included in the trust. As a charity is a non qualified beneficiary, it can a negative effect on the ability for other beneficiaries to take the proceeds over a prolonged period of time.

For more information on these issues you should consult with an Estate Planning Lawyer in your state and your accountant. To contact a Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer follow this link

Many people who have reached the age of retirement split their time between Florida and another state. Since we are at the prime time of year for this to be happening I thought it appropriate as a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to write about some of the issues of Estate Planning that can affect these individuals.

Florida’s new trust code has a new requirement of a connection with the state of Florida to be able to create and use a Florida Living Trust or any Florida Trust.

In addition there are specific requirement for Valid Florida Durable Power of Attorney that do not exist in other states. If you visit or live in Florida, you Durable Power of Attorney should have the relevant Florida language to make sure it can be enforced in Florida.

Often our clients have well-established relationships with the Estate Planning Lawyers in their home state. Some want to take advantage of the strong and robust trust code in Florida compared to that of their other state of residence. A common question that arises when a person spends time in two different states (dual residency) is: how do you create a Florida living trust and Florida Estate Plan that works as intended when you are not sure where the probate or trust administration will take place?

This issue becomes important because the ultimate determination of domicile for the purpose of probate and trust administration is not conclusively determined until a person passes away. Individuals can take steps to help insure that Florida is considered their domicile to take advantage of the favorable tax, estate tax, and probate costs associated with Florida.

Often when I am confronted with a living trust and family which spans multiple states I try to work with an Estate Planning Lawyer from the other states to make sure that the Living trust complies with the requirements of each state as well as offers the advantages of each state. Often we find that Florida is as advantageous as other states, but sometimes we use aspects from each state to create the plan that serves the clients ultimate needs.

For example, if there is a possibility that my client’s estate plan may be administered in Connecticut or another northern state. In these cases we will work with Estate Planning lawyers from these states to make sure that any recent changes in the states laws are included in the will or revocable trusts that are in place or being prepared

Do you have to work with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to make sure your estate plan works in Florida and or a different state than where it was created? In most cases I find that the answer is no. Although competent drafting can establish the site of the trust as the state where it was created it can also establish another state when there are advantages. Most Florida Estate Planning Lawyer focus on one state and are not able to accurately determine what is the best state to use. This means that even if there are judicial proceedings in Florida, the court can interpret the revocable trust according to the chosen state in the trust.

An effective estate plan for dual residency is a challenge and an opportunity. Multi-state Estate Planning can be a can of worms for the ill-prepared and can have unintended or unforeseen consequences to an estate plan that worked perfectly fine in one state. However, if you act carefully you can not only preserve your existing estate plan, but possibly enhance it as well.

If you would like you Estate Planning Documents reviewed to see if they can be enhanced please contact a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

If you would like your Estate Planning Documents reviewed by a http://www.shealawonline.com/blog/ Connecticut Estate Planning Lawyer you may contact http://www.shealawonline.com/ Richard L. Shea.

Mitchell Port a California lawyer posted a link to an article on the California Tax Attorney Blog about an article on the State Bar Website which provides information on estate planning. Although this is a California bar website, many of the same issues and considerations are important to Florida residents interested in Florida Estate Planning. Much of the information is also found on The Florida Estate Planning Lawyer Blog which primarily deals with Florida issues.

1. What Is Estate Planning?
2. What Is Involved in Estate Planning?
3. Who Needs Estate Planning ?
4. What Is Included in my Estate?
5. What Is a Will?
6. What Is a Revocable Living Trust?
7. What Is Probate?
8. To Whom Should I Leave My Assets?
9. Whom Should I Name as My Executor or Trustee?
10. How Should I Provide for My Minor Children?
11. When Does Estate Planning Involve Tax Planning?
12. How Does the Way in Which I Hold Title Make a Difference?
13. What Are Other Methods of Leaving Property?
14. What If I Become Unable to Care for Myself ?
15. Who Should Help Me With My Estate Planning Documents?
16. How Do I Find a Qualified Lawyer?
17. Should I Beware of Someone Who Is a "Promoter" of Financial and Estate Planning Services?
18. What Are the Costs Involved In Estate Planning?

Leanna Hamill with the Massachusetts Estate Planning and Elder Law Blog wrote an article on Estate Planning titled Should You Discuss Your Plans with Your Children?

In the article she discusses the fact that clients often wonder if they should share their estate plans with their children. In giving her expected advice of IT DEPENDS, Leanna explains some of the reasons why one should and should not disclose their plans. These deal with the way the property is split between the beneficiaries, who will be the PR, Executor, or Trustee, unfit children, issues of disinheritance, and special provisions for one child.

For more insight on these issues read her article or speak with your Florida Estate Planning Lawyer about your particular situation. While you may have not considered the ramifications and ways to approach your specific issues, an Experienced Florida Estate Planning Attorney has.

Wills

•A new Florida will is almost always advisable for the divorced client, especially if there are minor children.

•Florida Statute section 732.507 generally provides that after the dissolution the provisions for the former spouse in the will are treated as if the former spouse died at the time of the dissolution of the marriage.

• A subsequent marriage, birth, adoption, or divorce will not revoke a Florida Will.

•A Major Concern of Most Clients

-Former spouse will be appointed guardian of the property of the deceased client because they are the natural guardian of minor children and have the highest priority for appointment as guardian. The priority can be altered by naming another individual as guardian under a Florida will.

-Consider avoiding a guardianship of the property by having assets for minors held in a Florida trust. Someone other than the former spouse can then be named as trustee.

•If the client has established a revocable inter vivos (living) trust and executed a Florida pour over will (a will that distributes the residue to a trust) prior to the dissolution, the former spouse could potentially inherit the entire estate if the former spouse is the beneficiary of the trust. Florida Statute section 732.507 does not have any effect on inter vivos trusts.

•A new or restated Florida trust should be executed to remove provisions for the former spouse for the reasons stated above.

•If the client has a taxable estate, the fact that they no longer have a spouse could drastically change their estate tax planning due to loss of the marital deduction.

•Beneficiary designations should be reviewed to assure that the former spouse is no longer a beneficiary.

•IRA designations need to be reviewed to make sure the effect of the chosen beneficiaries does not adversely affect one of the beneficiaries because of age, or ineligibility

One common mistake that people make when they have a spouse or children is to transfer their retirement accounts into their Florida Living Trust.

Generally, retirement accounts are not subject to probate because you can name beneficiaries. If you name individual beneficiaries, each beneficiary is given the most flexibility in the way they take and report the proceeds from the IRA.

If you name a Florida Living Trust, the beneficiaries might have to take all of the distributions in the year after death. This can happen when one of the beneficiaries is a charity or not an individual.

The other main problem is when there is a great difference in age between the oldest and youngest beneficiary. Often this happens when the spouse is one of the beneficiaries and there are children or grandchildren that are also named beneficiaries. When this happens it is possible to make all of the distributions the same as with the oldest beneficiary.

These problems can be solved or avoided if the retirement accounts are properly setup, separated, or if the problem beneficiaries are dealt with timely.

Generally its best to either name beneficiaries with retirement accounts individually, separate the retirement accounts while you are still alive, or name a separate revocable trust for these benefits that is different that the main revocable trust.

For more information on how to deal with retirement accounts in probate you should talk with a Florida Probate Lawyer who is familiar with Retirement benefits. It is even better to plan things upfront by using a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

In Florida Domestic Partners need the help of a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to handle their complex situations. Domestic partners are considered any two people no mater what sex who live together and what each other to benefit in the event of the subsequent death of the other.

Without a valid Florida Will or Valid Florida Estate Planning Documents the domestic partner will not receive any portion of the others estate upon their death. The Florida intestate statutes do not provide any benefits for a domestic partner.

If one creates an invalid Floria Will using software or a form, the Florida statutes provides benefits to the spouse and children of the deceased. Although the decedent's desires may not be complied with completely. Their family, who is usually the intended beneficiary, will receive the proceeds from the estate. This is not true with domestic partnerships. The domestic partners will receive nothing from the decedents estate.

To make sure you and your domestic partner are protected, you should have your Florida Estate Planning Documents reviewed or created by a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer or Attorney.

Can I do it myself?
It is possible for a person to do his or her own Florida estate planning with forms or books bought at a stationery or bookstore or from the State Bar. At the least, a review of such forms can be helpful in preparing you for doing estate planning. If you do review such materials and have any unanswered questions, however, you should seek professional help form a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Will documents I prepare myself be valid?
In Florida most estate planning documents must comply with the Florida Statute of Wills. This requires that they be witnessed by two witnesses in the presence of each other and a notary who is present and witnesses the signature of the creator of the document. There are other documents which make the documents easier to use in the event that becomes necessary. For example a will or trust can have a self proving affidavit which eliminates the necessity to prove the will in a probate process. Many forms, software, and online services are not current when there are law changes. For example this year there were changes in the way Florida revocable trusts must be executed in Florida.

What about updates?
One of the most common problems with using software to create wills is that to make minor changes requires a new license. Most will software only comes with a 1 year license. This is good because it will probably be current under the laws or recent laws. The bad part is that there are often additional fees incurred with the new software licenses.

Do I Need a Professional To Help?
If you do seek advice, Florida Wills and Florida Trusts are legal documents which should be prepared only by a qualified Florida Estate Planning Lawyer. However, many other professionals and business representatives may become involved in your Florida Estate Planning Process. A certified public accountant, life insurance agent, bank trust officer, and financial planner often share in a Complete Florida Estate Planning process. These professionals can help you in planning your estate.

If you or a member of your family was to have a crisis are you prepared? That is the question you should ask your Florida Estate Planning Lawyer or Attorney on a regular basis. Often we only look at significant events in our lives and do not consider the effects that a significant effect in our parents or children's lives will have upon us.

When you review your Florida Estate Plan you should also review or remind your parents and adult children to review their plans also. There are changes in the laws which may prompt updates to your estate planning techniques. In addition, significant changes in your life including births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and changes in assets should trigger an estate plan review.

Generally when an Florida Estate Planning Attorney creates Florida Estate Planning Documents their duty is over once the documents are prepared. The obligation is up to you to seek a regular review of these documents.

In addition to reviewing the documents you should consider the following:

1) Make sure you know where your parents documents are, and you tell your personal representative and beneficiaries know where the documents are. If you are concerned that the documents may disappear, you may keep them with an attorney. If you keep your documents with a Jacksonville Florida Estate Planning Lawyerr or Jacksonville Florida Probate Lawyer you should tell people who has them.

2)Check to see that the Florida Estate Planning documents are complete and reflect their current family and financial situation.

3)Make sure that the documents reflect your or your parents current mind set. Wills and trusts need to be reviewed for changes in their financial condition as well as the beneficiaries family and financial condition.

4) Make sure all Estate Planning Documents are signed and witnessed as necessary under the current statutes or those in place at the time of execution.

5)Make sure any Florida Durable Power of Attorney documents mention the current Florida Statutes, many durable power of attorney documents are not honored when they do not comply with the Florida Statutes.

6) Make sure your Florida Living Trust or Florida Revocable Trust or any Florida Trusts are funded. That means that the bank accounts, CD accounts, land, and other assets have been transferred to the trusts. Any deeds to this effect should be properly recorded.

You have just been asked to be a successor trustee for a Florida Living Trust. What will your trustee duties and responsibilities be? Do you want to accept? Are their downsides? I ran across an interesting article and have applied some of it to Florida law. This note will help you to understand what some of the common issues are and will help you to discuss your options with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer. Remember that all Florida trusts are different, and that many of your duties, responsibilities may not be contained in the document. Therefore your document will need to be analyzed with the New Florida Trust code.

First Lets discuss some of the background information that will be necessary to understand your duties and responsibilities.

A Trust is a legal entity. When assets are contributed to the trust, the trust separates the legal ownership (possession) from the beneficial ownership (the principal and income). Often trusts look very much like wills because they include instructions for whom your your assets will benefit after our death. Some trusts are created during the life of the person who creates them ( the settlor or grantor) and some are created after their death (testamentary).

Florida Living Trusts work by separating the equitable ownership (the trustee)from the beneficial ownership (the beneficiary).

Who are the people involved in a Trust? The grantor (also called settlor, trustor, creator or trustmaker) is the person whose trust it is. Married couples who set up one trust together are co-grantors of their trust. Only the grantor(s) can make changes to his or her trust.

The trustee manages the assets that are in the trust. Many people choose to be their own trustee and continue to manage their affairs for as long as they are able. Married couples are often co-trustees, so that when one dies or becomes incapacitated, the surviving spouse can continue to handle their finances with no other actions or steps required, including court interference.

A successor trustee is named to step in and manage the trust when the trustee is no longer able to continue (usually due to incapacity or death). Typically, several are named in succession in case one or more cannot act. Sometimes two or more adult children are named to act together. Sometimes a corporate trustee (bank or trust company) is named. Sometimes it is a combination of the two.

The beneficiaries are the persons or organizations who will receive the trust assets after the grantor dies.

Continue reading "Successor Trustee: Duties and Responsibilities" »

Clients often bring in Florida Will to amend which have been marked up several times. Usually, once there are so many changes that they cannot tell what the last change is, the decide to redraft or amend their will.

With a Florida Will, or a will drafted in another state, a Florida Resident cannot simply cross off part of a page or change the language on their own. The result will be that the court will look to see if they can determine what the original language was, and enforce it.

The reason for this is all Florida Wills, Florida Revocable Trusts, and Codiles (an amendment to a will) must comply with the Florida statute of wills. This requires that two people who witness each other and the person who is creating the will all witness each other signing the document.

To destroy your will, you must burn, tear, or cross through the entire pages of the will. Another way is by creating a new Florida Will which revokes all prior wills.

If you need help amending your Florida will, rewriting your Florida Will or reviewing you will for compliance with Florida law, you should talk with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

When making a Florida Will, Florida Revocable Trust, or Codicil to a Florida Will there are several technicalities that must be complied with for the documents to be valid.

1) Who can make a Florida Will, Florida Revocable Trust, or Codicil to a Florida Will:
The answer to this can be found in section 732.501, Florida Statutes, where it states: Any person who is of sound mind and who is either 18 or more years of age or an emancipated minor may make a will.

2 What are the requirements for execution of the Florida Will, Florida Revocable Trust, or Codicil to a Florida Will:
Section 732.502, Florida Statutes, states:
(1)(a)The Testator must sign at the end of the will; and
(1)(b)Two witnesses in the presence of the testator, must sign that they witnessed the will.

Each witness must sign the Will in the presence of testator and each other.

Section 732.504, Florida Statutes :Unlike in some states a witness for these documents can be any person competent even if they are named in the will or will benefit from the will.

if you have questions about a Florida Will, Florida Revocable Trust, or Codicil to a Florida Willyou should speak with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

Often Estate Planning clients struggle with their spouse or self over who to pick as an agent to represent them in a Florida Durable Powers of Attorney ( Financial decisions), Florida Living will & Designation of Health Care Surrogate ( Health care decisions) and Revocable Trusts (Financial Management).

Initially clients might thing of using a Co-Agent. This can cause many problems and unforeseen circumstances and must be done with the correct expectations and knowledge of the potential problems. Michael Keenan has an article discussing several of these issues, titled Be Careful With Co-Agents. In summary, before choosing co-agents you should consider whether they get along well with each other, and what to do if they do not in the future.

In addition, what if one lives far away or moves after the documents are created. Some hospitals or financial institutions may require that both act together unless each co-agent has "several powers" or "joint and several powers" This can be difficult and impracticable. You put your financial and health interest at risk due to delay in execution of the documents.

Both Michael Keenan and David Goldman, a Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer & Attorney, recommend that unless there are extraordinary situations taking place, the use of co-agents should allow for flexibility and/or the ability for each to act independently.

As an Estate Planning Lawyer in Jacksonville Florida, I am often asked about issues dealing with addresses in Florida Wills, Florida Trusts, Florida Living Wills, Florida Durable Powers of Attorney, and other documents.

Generally the address and phone number in these documents is to help locate or contract the person. In some cases they can be used to help distinguish one John Doe from the next. The Connecticut Estate Planning Blog had an example of when it might be important to update the address, but as the site states, this would only happen on a law school exam.

The only possible reason why such a move would prompt a legitimate will amendment is if the move created an identification problem. For instance, in the above example, suppose the client disinherited his other brother, also named Billy Bob (I don't think I've ever seen two brothers with the same name), out of his will, but then that brother moves to Glastonbury after the other Billy Bob moved from Glastonbury to Wethersfield. Now the will seems to identify someone who the client didn't intend to include as a beneficiary of his will.

Please note that the above facts only tend to arise in law school exams, not real life. Suffice it to say that address changes do not require will changes unless there are extraordinary circumstances.

As a Jacksonville Living Trust Lawyer, I have noticed many changes that effect the administration of Trusts, even those which were already in existence when on July 1, 2007 when the Florida's New Trust Code became effective. If you are an estate planning attorney in another state and have clients who have trusts in Florida, it is most likely that their trusts must be managed differently than their trust document would imply.

1) A trustee has a duty to act in good faith in the interest of the beneficiaries and in accordance with the terms of the trust, imposed in part by sections 736.0801 and 736.0802.

2) There is a new 6 month statute of limitation sunder section 736.1008 with regard to any item set forth in a trust disclosure statement which contains a limitation notice containing the six-month period of time under 736.0604 within which to contest the validity of the terms of the trust.

3) The court has the power to take action and exercise jurisdiction as necessary " in the interest of justice."

4) The court has the power to modify or terminate a trust under sections 736.0410-04115, 0413, 0415, and 0416. Judicial modification in the best interest of the beneficiaries under section 736.0415(3) is not mandatory as to (i) any trust created prior to January 1, 2001 and (ii) any trust created after December 31m 2000 if it is subject to the Traditional RAP (90 years vs the expanded 365 Year RAP that Florida permits) or the trust expressly prohibits such judicial modification.

5) Nonjudicial modification with unanimous agreement of the trustee and all qualified beneficiaries under 736.0412 is not mandatory as to (i) any trust created prior to January 1, 2001, (ii) any charitable trust until the termination of all charitable interests, and (iii) any trust created after December 31, 2000 if it is subject to the Traditional RAP unless the trust expressly authorizes such nonjudicial modification.

6) New Spendthrift protections which affect the rights of creditors and assignees to reach a trust under part V of the Trust Code.

7) Trustee's duty under section 736.0503 to pay expenses and obligations of a settlor of a revocable trust upon death.

8) Trustee's duty under section 736.05055 to file a notice of trust with regard to a revocable trust upon the death of a settlor.

9) Trustee's duties under section 736.0813 to provide to qualified beneficiaries (or their designated representatives under 736.0306) (i) notification of the existence of an irrevocable trust, the identity of the trustee and their rights to trust accountings, (ii) a copy of the trust agreement and to account, and (iii) respond to requests for relevant information about the assets, liabilities, and particulars relating to the trust administration

10) Rights of third parties other than the trustee or beneficiary under sections 736.1013-736.1017

As a Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer, one of the most common things I do is determine what is necessary for a clients Florida Estate Plan. Greg Herman-Giddens of the North Carolin Estate Planning Blog has an Article called the Anatomy of an Estate Plan where he discusses and defines the Basic Documents in an Estate Plan:

Will
Durable power of Attorney
Health Care Power of Attorney
Living Will
HIPAA Authorization, and
Living Trust

Insurance
Asset Titles and Beneficiary Designations
Investment Management
Asset Protection

(1) Marriage, divorce, death of spouse.
(2) Birth of a child.
(3) Children become financially independent.
(4) Birth of a grandchild.
(5) New business venture.
(6) Substantial growth in your business.
(7) Job promotion.
(8) Retirement.
(9) Purchase of life insurance.
(10) Move to a different state.
(11) Substantial increase or decrease in wealth.
(12) Decision to make large charitable gifts.
(13) Increase in risk of being subject to a lawsuit.
(14) Substantial amounts of property are in joint names.
(15) You purchase real property (including a time share) in another state.

As aFlorida Estate Planning Lawyersand a Jacksonville Estate Planning Lawyer I often receive questions about Florida Living Trusts. These usually come after clients attend seminars given by Estate Planning Organizations. Often they are not law firms, but some are.

Although there are benefits to Florida Living Trusts, sometimes they are not necessary. I often get questions from clients who have less than 100,000 in assets who have been told that a Florida Revocable Trust or Florida Living Trust is the answer to their Florida Estate Planning needs.

To answer the question, "Is a Florida Living Trust right for me?" a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer needs to look at the clients individual financial circumstances. I have found that many times, simple payable on death designations will accomplish the same results as a Revocable Trust.

Other times the cost of the Florida Living Trust is more than the savings in probate, and what is saved is time. Although cost of probate is not the only consideration, it is usually one of the primary concerns of clients.

The Connecticut Estate Planning Blog has a detailed review of the issues that must be looked at to determine if a Living Trust is right for you.

As a Jacksonville Estate Planning Attorney, I wanted to share with you and your family an important planning idea on he use of Powers of Attorney and Health Care Surrogate forms for college students and adult family members that are under 30 years of age. These documents are recommended because of the higher standards of patient privacy that hospitals and physicians are now being held to under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA"). Because of this, medical providers, family doctors, and health care centers are often unable to provide medical information to anyone without the authority of the patient.

Section 1177 of HIPAA imposes strict penalties on anyone who violates the law by providing a patient's individually identifiable health information to another person, even a parent or spouse. Specifically, the law states as follows:

(a) OFFENSE -- A person who knowingly and in violation of this part--

(1) uses or causes to be used a unique health identifier;
(2) obtains individually identifiable health information relating to an individual; or
(3) discloses individually identifiable health information t another person, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b)

(b) PENALTIES. -- A person described in subsection (a) shall--

(1) be fined not more than $50,000, imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both;
(2) if the offense is committed under false pretenses, be fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both; and
(3) if the offense is committed with the intent to sell, transfer, or use individually identifiable health information for commercial advantage, personal gain, or malicious harm, be fined not more than $250,000, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.

(A) is created or received by a health care provider, health plan, employer, or health care clearinghouse; and
(B) relates to the past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition of an individual, the provision of health care to an individual, or the past, present, or future payment for the provisions of health care to an individual; and

(i) identifies the individual; or
(ii) with respect to which there is a reasonable basis to believe that the information can be used to identify the individual.

Continue reading "Powers of Attorney for College Students" »

Florida Estate Planning Lawyers often tell clients of the many advantages of a Florida trusts. When a client leaves property to heirs in a trust instead of outright, they can control how the property is used. The control can violate public policy or law, but often good estate planning can control the property without risk of having the control stricken. Some of the major advantages are:

1. That a trust can provide a mechanism for better management and investment than the individuals may be capable of on their own.
2. That a trust can prevents the beneficiary(s) from using all of the proceeds quickly, or wasting it on unnecessary items.
3. Than a trust can protect the assets from the claims of creditors.
4. That a trust creates separate property that can be free of claims of a spouse upon divorce or the beneficiary's death.
5. That a trust allows the creator to control the disposition of the property instead of the beneficiary.

When you create a Florida Revocable Trust, your Florida Estate Planning Attorney should advise you on how to title accounts.

One common question is about checking accounts. In most cases, the title (ownership) of the checking account should be changed to the name of the Florida Living Trust or Florida Revocable Living Trust, or Trustee of the trust. If on the date of death, the amount in a personal account has not become property of the trust, it may be necessary to open a Florida probate.

NOTE: The checks do not need to show the trust name and reference to the trust may be omitted for check cashing. The signature cards need to be updated to reflect the way in which checks will be signed. When doing this its best not to close the accounts as outstanding checks could bounce and create unnecessary expenses.

For more information on creating a Florida Revocable Trust or maintaining your Florida Living Trust, you should contact a Florida Trust Lawyer.

One problem I have seen in Florida probate cases, and Florida Estate Planning was recently written about by a Massachusetts Estate Planning Lawyer, Leanna Hamill who Practices in Estate Planning and Elder Law. This article was also covered by the Elder Law Professors Blog

In her review of the Walls Street Journal article, Paperless World Can Leave Heirs in the Dark, she states that the article outlines the dangers of keeping your records on your computer.

One of the main problems is that you may not have paper copies, for your Personal Representative to review. Without this information it may be difficult or impossible to compete an accurate inventory during the probate or administration of the decedents estate.

I have previously touched on this in a several articles about Florida Estate Planning and Digital Assets. Those articles cover some of the actual problems and ways in which various online services deal with death, and some of the problems that can result including who has a right if any to access the decedent's information which is stored online.

If you use a computer, you need to consider having a Florida Estate Plan that deals with Digital Assets, paperless transactions, and details your assets for those who have to administrate your estate.

When you die, someone has to know hot to determine or what the details of your financial life are

It is important to make a comprehensive list of assets, liabilities, life insurance policies, power of attorney, Florida will, credit cards, details of bank accounts and all other important financial information.

The problem is that once you pass away, an executor or personal representative has to go through all of your document to figure out where assets may be located.

Recently a range of self-help products have emerged. The paper, and computer based products are available in many office supply stores. Many people who have a Florida Will or other Florida Estate Planning Documents, do not have a system for keeping the other information organized so that after passing, the Florida Probate process can be simplified.

Think about someone unfamiliar with your filing system trying to figure out where you have banks, stocks, Cd's, private investments, loans, debts, and everything else you keep in your mind but not on paper. Often the lack of an organized system increases the cost of the Fees associated with using a Florida Probate Lawyer.

Your Florida Estate Planning Lawyer, should be able to give you advice on what you need to make a list to simplify the Florida Probate process.

Florida Estate Planning and Digital Assets is a topic that has been previously discussed. Today, I read an article written by the Trust and Estate Law Professors Blog which adds some more information.

It appears that they are some digital assets which can be accessed after the death of the owner or licensee. Here is a summary of what they report on.

- AOL -- Will allow access to the personal representative upon presentation of a death certificate and proof of appointment.
- eBay (seller) -- Similar to AOL.
- eBay (buyer) -- No access.
- Facebook -- Profile moves to "memorial state" but no one may obtain the login password.
- Gmail -- Similar to AOL plus an email showing that the decedent had sent an email message from the Gmail account to the person seeking access.

In an article written by Katherine Roseman of the Wall Street Journal, she quotes Elaine King, a certified financial planner for Gibraltar Private Bank & Trust in Coral Gables, Fl., as stating that recently a man in his thirties died. His family could not even determine what financial accounts it needed to close until it could access his email account. The deceased man’s Internet service provider required the family to get a court order granting it entry to his account.

“It can be a very lengthy process,” said King who adds that her firm now advises most clients to leave a list of electronic passwords along with a will.

It is important to review your estate planning needs with a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer or Attorney who is familiar with Digital Assets, Licensing and how to deal with them. Please use our contact form if you have any questions about Florida Estate Planning

In Florida there are limitations on Pet Trusts and the courts would likely find that $12 Million for a dog would be excessive and strike all or part of the trust.

Leona Helmsley's Dog was left a $12 Million dollar trust fund. In addition the Maltese, named Trouble will be buried alongside her and her late husband in a mausoleum. Leona also left 3 Million for the perpetual care of the mausoleum.

While the press and blogs are making a big deal over the dog getting $12 million, everyone fails to see the costs she is incurring because of probate. She left the majority of her money and property (rumored to be in excess of 1 billion dollars) to a Family charitable trust. The legal fees on handling this administration could be in excess of $60 Million dollars. If she would have put this money in a Revocable Trust or Living Trust there would be no probate fees to transfer the Billion dollars to the charity.

If you or a loved one has a billion dollars they want to give to charity, make sure its in a Living trust to avoid the costs and delay of probate.

Often the Break even cost with a Florida Living Trust is less than $100,000 in assets. To determine if you or your family needs a trust, speak to a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer.

For more information on Florida Pet Trusts.

Recently the Florida statutes changed to allow for arbitration clauses in Florida Revocable Trust Agreements. When including an arbitration clause in a Florida Revocable Trust one needs to make sure the arbitration clause will be enforceable.

Below are some issues with arbitration clauses in Florida that need to be considered whether used for Florida Business Contracts, Transactions in Florida, or Florida revocable trusts. Luckily the US Supreme Court has ruled that if an arbitration clause is invalid, the clause can be removed from the agreement and the underlying agreement can still be valid.

Florida Arbitration Clauses

An agreement to arbitrate, or a provision in a contract providing for the arbitration of disputes, is valid, enforceable, and irrevocable without regard to the justiciable character of the controversy. The only questions for a court to determine when looking to see whether an arbitration clause is enforceable are:

1. Whether the agreement that contains the arbitration clause is valid?
2. Whether the parties have a valid arbitration agreement;
3. Whether an arbitrable issue exists; and
4. Whether the right to arbitrate has been waived.

Continue reading " Validity of Florida Arbitration Clauses" »

If you live in a Jacksonville or another city in Florida where the Chief law Enforcement Officer (CLEO) will not or easily sign a Form 4, there are several solutions.

Class 3 Weapons include suppressors, , short barrel rifles, machine guns, and other destructive devices.

The most common solution is to create a revocable trust to hold title to the firearm or class 3 items you desire to purchase. There can be many problems with a typical revocable trust and firearms. Its best to use a Firearms Trust or NFA Firearms Trust

A Gun Trust, Firearms Trust, Limited Liability Company, or Florida S Corporation is a legal entity established under state law. For NFA purposes many individuals prefer the a Revocable Trust over a corporation or LLC because it is less expensive to operate and provides privacy. Florida Business entities typically cost $150 a year for the state filings in addition to the cost of a CPA to prepare and file the federal filings. In addition, Florida Trusts don’t require any disclosure or public filings. The lack of any required filings means, the only people who know the terms of the trust are those you choose to tell.

Although most Florida Revocable or Living Trusts can hold firearms or other class 3 items, many are not properly setup to deal with the issues involving firearms and other items which are regulated by the National Firearms Act (NFA). If the NFA is violated, the owners are subject to criminal penalties, substantial fines, and forfeiture of not only the class 3 items in question but all firearms in the possession or ownership. ($250,000 penalty, 10 years in prison, and forfeiture of items)

The gun or firearms trust must give the Trustee instructions and special powers so that they can legally manage for unplanned events. Weapons and other assets in a Firearms Trust can not be distributed like other assets upon the death or incapacity of the person who placed the items in the trust(The Grantor or Settlor).

Continue reading " Florida Gun Trusts or National Firearms Trust" »

In Jacksonville or other cities in Florida, there are many advantages to using a Revocable Living Trust or Florida Land Trust to hold title to real estate. Dyches Broddiford has an interesting article dealing with many of these issues.

In summary a real estate trust provides:
- Privacy for the owners;
- Protection of the individual owners assets (in most circumstances);
- Ability to assign an interest without changing public records;
- Avoids Guardianship of the assets when a party is incapacitated;
- Guardianship of the trustee, trusts can provide for alternate trustees;
- Privacy while living;
- Probate is not needed upon the death of the owner; and
- No tax benefits

For more details click the link above or talk with a Florida Estate Planning Attorney or Jacksonville Living Trust Lawyer

This article has many interesting provisions that have been found in wills, but more common today are provisions dealing with trusts for pets.

Pet trusts are quickly becoming more common. Around 20 percent of pet owners include their pets in their wills. Florida have specific rules on how one can leave money or provide for their pets after their death. After years of resistance, more states are making it easier to set up a trust for a pet. A guardian is appointed to care for the animal and a trustee to take care of the finances.

People can be very detailed in planning their own funerals, down to requesting specific songs and Bible verses. “It’s less of a taboo topic,” said Leanna Hamill, an attorney from Hingham, Mass. “People talk about it more.”

The possibility of legal challenges can limit what one can do with a will. “The farther you go from standard provisions the more uncertain they are to be fulfilled,” said Neil Hendershot, an attorney from Harrisburg, Pa.

If you want to do anything unusual, the attorneys give this advice: Do your research. Talk to your family or anyone else involved long in advance. And, of course, consult a competent estate planning attorney.

Here is a summary of an interesting article on Florida Living Trusts:
1) Florida Estate Planning To Avoid Probate Costs. A Florida living trusts can help eliminate the cost and delay of probate.

2) What About Taxes And Asset Protection In My Florida Living Trust. No Tax Benefit. Florida living trusts do not provide any tax benefits at all. All income from the trust passes through to the personal or joint tax returns of the Beneficiaries. No Asset Protection. Although Florida Living trusts can provide some asset protection in the event of a divorce, Florida living trusts do not protect assets from creditors or judgment lawsuits. If you personally own an asset, and if that asset is not protected or legally sheltered, and if you “lose in court”, then the litigating party or plaintiff will likely obtain a judgment order to reach-in to your living trust and legally remove the target asset.

3) Pick Your Trustee And Successor Trustee. If you want to personally direct your Florida living trust business, then as grantor or settler you can appoint yourself as the initial Trustee. Make sure to instruct for a successor Trustee who is the person, or institution (like a bank or law firm) who will have the actual job of distributing the assets according to your instructions, and complying with all filing and statutory requirements under Florida State law.

4) You’ve Got To Hire An Estate Planning Attorney - It’s The Law. Reviewing assets, preparing a revocable Florida living trust for inheritance matters, and entering into a legal service contract requires that the preparer be a Florida State bar certified attorney.

Continue reading "Florida Living Trust - 6 Tips for your Living Trust" »

Florida Estate Planning Lawyers often build a Florida estate plan around two basic strategies: The first takes advantage of the unified credit. (This credit eliminates the estate tax on the first $2 million, 2007 and 2008, this credit rises to $3.5 million in 2009. There is no estate tax in 2010 (But there are taxes in the increase in basis - watch out for highly appreciated assets). In 2011, the estate tax credit falls to $1 million.) By using an A/B or two- trust arrangement (often called A/B Trust, or a marital trust and family trust), a Husband and Wife can each avoid taxes on their estate tax credit based upon the year of their death. Next, the Husband and Wife plans usually take advantage of the marital deduction, which means zero estate taxes when one of them passes on.

The traditional estate plan that we see in every state. If you have a plan it is probably similar to what is described above. The problem with this plan is that in some cases it only delays the IRS from collecting their money until the death of the second spouse.

Often by looking at a complete financial picture of the Husband and Wife as well as their family tree and desires, a custom estate plan can be created that will potentially eliminate one's estate taxes (depending on the current law and future changes).

Before jumping into an estate plan with an A/B trust be sure to get a second opinion.

Clients often ask Estate Planning Attorney'sfor a Florida will or a Florida Living Trust. The seldom ask for a will and a trust even though in most cases this is what they need. Clients who want to skip probate and avoid the fees and delays associated with establishing and administrating a probate in Florida often request a Florida Living or Revocable trust. One of the big problems with creating a revocable living trust is that most people never fund them. In Florida, a living trust must be funded prior to the death of the grantor or it is not in existence.

The primary purpose of having a valid Florida Will along with the Florida Living Trust is that if the Trust is not in existence, the decedents Will will determine how the assets are distributed. The will often directs that any remaining assets be placed in the trust and the trust will determine how the assets are distributed. Often the will does not exist, so the will must specify how the assets should be distributed in case the trust doesn't exist.

When you create a trust or trust/will combination please discuss what will happen if the trust is not funded, or you revoke the trust during your life.

Everyone in Florida seems to be going crazy to setup a Florida living trust. Often we find ourselves asking why does this client need a living trust. In most cases they don't, but if clients are looking for privacy, to save time or money on probate or have assets in excess of 1,000,000 a Florida living trust might be a good vehicle for their estate planning.

Much like a will, a living trust will describe what happens to your property in the event of your death. While you are alive, you can remain in control and have the power to change the trust at any time. Setting up a living trust allows you to avoid the expense and long delays of probate, and may even save you money on taxes.

Continue reading " Why use a Living Trust in Florida" »

Often clients ask about Do it yourself living wills, wills, trusts, and other components of estate planning. I read an interesting post by an Estate Planning Attorney and although they are not in Jacksonville Florida their advice and commentary is very relevant. Basically with a will, you don't often get a chance to correct mistakes or have a professional fix or review the document. The Estate Planning Lawyer compares it to buying a hair dye in a store and then getting a professional to fix your hair after you make a mess or do serious injury to yourself.

While this is true with business planning, often with estate planning there is no time to fix the mistakes. Often one discovers the mistakes in their will, trust, power of attorney only after it is to late to make any changes. Sure we could all go purchase a form, or use an online service and save some money, but if you are trying to protect assets, save money on probate, or reduce estate taxes, the few dollars saved (even if large by percentage) will often cost hundreds or thousands of times as much when the taxes come due.

Be careful with do it yourself kits and services, and if you have something to loose, remember that you often get what you pay for.

In Florida estate planning a person can leave money in trust for the care of an animal. As of July 1, 2007 Florida Statute 736.0408 replaced the previous statute 737.116 which was effective from April 23, 2002 until June 30 2007.

The new Florida Statute states:

(1) A trust may be created to provide for the care of an animal alive during the settlor's lifetime. The trust terminates on the death of the animal or, if the trust was created to provide for the care of more than one animal alive during the settlor's lifetime, on the death of the last surviving animal.

(2) A trust authorized by this section may be enforced by a person appointed in the terms of the trust or, if no person is appointed, by a person appointed by the court. A person having an interest in the welfare of the animal may request the court to appoint a person to enforce the trust or to remove a person appointed.

(3) Property of a trust authorized by this section may be applied only to the intended use of the property, except to the extent the court determines that the value of the trust property exceeds the amount required for the intended use. Except as otherwise provided in the terms of the trust, property not required for the intended use must be distributed to the settlor, if then living, otherwise as part of the settlor's estate.

Under Florida law it would be difficult to leave $12 Million Dollars to a dog as was recently done in New York. If this was done, and a beneficiary under the will were to challenge the court would take the excess and return it to the estate. The decedents estate would determine what was done with the excess money. In addition once the animal died, the remainder of assets from the pet trust would be returned to the estate also.

Although most pet trusts are not as excessive as Leona Helmsley's, a pet trust is a good idea. Often it is difficult to find someone who wants to take care of the pet, the probate process can be a long process, and when it is complete will the remainder beneficiaries really want the family pet. Its far better to find someone who wants to take care of the family pet, and provide funds so that it is not a burden on the family to do so.

Rarely do we see pet trusts for dogs, it is far more common to see pet trusts for expensive birds, turtles, monkeys and other animals that can live 50 or 70 years beyond that of their owners. If you want to make sure that your pet does not get caught up in the probate process which can take more than 9 months to complete, or you have an animal that is sure to live longer than you will, a Florida Pet Trust may be the solution for you. Please visit a Florida Estate Planning Lawyer to help with your needs.

In Florida a Successor Trustee is the person or institution named in the Revocable Trust agreement or other trust agreement who will assume control of the trust if the original trustee dies, resigns, or becomes unable or unwilling to act. There can be several layers of back-up trustees that take over in the order you designate. This person is like a backup agent for a power of attorney or Living Will

Florida Spendthrift Trust: A trust established to provide a fund for an individual that includes a provision intended to secure it against that person's lack of caution and protect it against the claims of creditors. A person can typically prevent against their own creditors but they can achieve some asset protection for others they choose to provide for such as children who have a trust but a trustee with discretionary powers whether or not to distribute property.

In Florida a Revocable Trustcan be amended and revoked, by the grantor who established the trust. This trust may become irrevocable and no longer amendable when the grantor of the trust dies or becomes permanently incompetent.

Living Trust also known as Revocable Trust of Revocable Living Trust: A trust that one establishes during one's lifetime which is not part of one's will, but is established by a separate written trust agreement. A revocable trust is one of the primary means for avoiding probate. I can also allow for a specific distribution such as the children receiving 1/3 of the inheritance at 25 1/3 at 30 and 1/3 at 35 if the parents are already deceased or providing longer term asset protection on their behalf. It can provide for professional management of the trust assets, help to ensure that the grantor or their trustee can maintain control over their affairs and has many useful benefits.

Assets which are in the Revocable Living Trust prior to the death of the grantor are not subject to probate, inventory, but can be subject to estate tax. The Trust will generally become irrevocable at the time of the death of the grantor and terminate shortly afterwards. The trust can create several new trusts upon or give assets outright to the beneficiaries. Consult with your Florida Revocable Living Trust Attorney to create a trust that works best for you. There are also several special trusts that can be used to carry out your desires and achieve your goals and objectives.

In Florida wills, Florida Trusts, and Florida Estate Planning it is important to deal with Pretermitted children. Make sure your Florida Estate Planning Attorney and the estate planning documents deal with them or you can have unexpected results.

A Pretermitted Child A child by birth or adoption who became a child after the execution of the current estate planning and was not mentioned in the will or trust. If a person has a child or children after executing their will and do not prepare a codicil after or name the child in the document the child will be entitled to receive the share they would be allowed if the estate were to pass by Florida intestacy laws.

A Florida Power of Appointment is a right given to another in a written instrument, such as a will or trust that allows the other to decide how to distribute your property. The power of appointment Can be a general power of appointment if it places no restrictions on who the distributes may be, or Limited or Special Power of appointment if it limits the eventual distribution.

Legally Incapacitated Person: A person who has been determined by a court as not capable of handling his or her personal and financial affairs.

A Florida Durable Power of Attorney, Florida Trust, Florida Guardianship, Florida Designation of Health Care Surrogate all deal with Legally Incapacitated persons.

One may not be the Personal Representative, Agent, or Trustee if they are Legally Incapacitated.

In Florida Estate Planning, Florida Guardianship Proceedings, and Florida Probate cases it is often necessary to setup a full or plenary guardianship.

Guardian: an adult appointed by a surviving parent in his or her will or by a court, who is responsible for a minor child or legally incapacitated person's personal care and nurturing.

A parent is the natural guardian of their minor child. If a child receives over $15,000 from a probate or settlement that requires court approval, a parent will need to create a Florida Guardianship over the Property of the minor child.

Other times Florida Guardianships are used to try to stop individuals from wasting their assets. Although this was permissible in the past in Florida, the new standard does not take into account the actions of the individual only the mental capacity of the individual and by law must impose the least restrictions on an individual when evaluating their mental and physical capacity.

Often, Florida Estate Planning Techniques such as Florida Revocable Living Trusts, Florida Durable Powers of Attorney, and Florida Designation of health Care Surrogates are used to prevent a guardianship from being imposed on an individual at a later date.

Fiduciary: This refers to a person (or entity) that serves in a representative capacity. Personal representatives, trustees, guardians, conservators, and agents under powers of attorney are all fiduciaries. A fiduciary stands in a position of confidence and trust with respect to each heir, devisee, and/or beneficiary. They are subject to a responsibility to act in the best interests of the person that they are serving on behalf of and can be sued if they act improperly.

In Florida Probate, if an individual acquired assets while living in a community property state, those assets, their proceeds, and income received from the assets may be subject to a different distribution than assets or income that was acquired while living in a non community property state such as Florida. One way to resolve this issue is to have both spouses contribute the property to a revocable living trust.

Community Property:

Property acquired during a marriage and while living in one of the 9 community property states (see below). As a general rule, everything derived from the earnings of either spouse is shared equally by a husband and wife. Each spouse owns only one-half of the community property because the other half belongs to the other spouse. Community property rules can be modified by pre-marital and post-marital agreements made by the spouses. See also separate property, commingle, quasi-community property, and commingle. Florida law is a separate property state. Property that was Community property may retain its character as Community Property though when someone moves from one state such as Arizona to another such as Florida.

Community Property States:

States in which community property laws apply. Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington State and Wisconsin are considered community property states.

Summary

A Florida revocable trust can be a helpful estate planning tool. It retains flexibility while the grantor is alive and has capacity and allows for them to name a trustee who will handle their affairs if they were to loose capacity or when they die and helps avoid probate in Florida. The technique is not for everyone though and you should discuss the various Florida estate planning options of a will to pass on your property, a revocable trust and in large estates that would be subject to estate taxes possibly additional irrevocable trusts and other estate planning techniques would also be appropriate. With full knowledge of your specific facts and what you would like to do with your property after meeting with a trust attorney they can help and offer advice regarding your situation and which documents would be most appropriate for you.

Testamentary Trusts

A testamentary trust in Florida is formed through a provision in a will and does not come into existence until a person dies.
It does not help if someone becomes incapacitated although hopefully that person will have a power of attorney to handle their financial affairs otherwise a guardianship would likely be required. A testamentary trust does not avoid Florida probate. It would need to go through probate and after all costs and delay of probate had been wrapped up and all valid creditor claims had been paid then the trust could be funded and operate.

5. How do you name a trust?

Revocable Trusts

A revocable trust usually includes the following information:

(1) The specific name of the trust,
(2) The date that the trust was executed/created,
(3) The name of the trustee,
(4) The title of the word trustee

An example is: the John Q. Public Revocable Trust dated April 15, 2006, John Q. Public Trustee.

At least one or more successor trustees should always be included in a revocable trust.

Irrevocable Trusts

Names of irrevocable trusts are similar to the revocable trusts. A primary difference of the names is the name of the trust itself, which typically indicates its purpose and would typically have a different trustee then the grantor. or example, Tom S. Smith could create an irrevocable life insurance trust (ILIT) that would be named as follows: Tom S. Smith , as Trustee of the Tom S. Smith 2006 Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust dated March 15, 2004.

The year is especially important in naming irrevocable trusts because one can create several trusts of the same type. For example, Beth Jones could create two charitable remainder unitrusts (CRUTs) to accomplish charitable tax planning objectives in successive years: (1) the Beth smith 2007 Charitable Remainder Unitrust, ABC Bank, Trustee; and (2) the Beth smith 2005 Charitable Remainder Unitrust, ABC Bank, Trustee.

The more significant distinction between the revocable trust and irrevocable trust are the tax consequences and flexibility. A revocable trust as its name states can generally be altered or amended at any time during the life of the grantor while they retain the capacity to do so. An irrevocable trust cannot although in some circumstances there are ways to essentially revoke the trust such as having the trustee stop paying the premiums on an irrevocable life insurance policy.

An irrevocable trust needs to get an independent tax identification number. For income tax purposes the trust is at the highest income tax rates after reaching a much lower amount of income then if it were earned by individuals. An Irrevocable Trust could help with estate tax planning though by getting property out of a decedents estate. The appreciation of the assets subsequent to the creation of the trust would also be sheltered from the estate tax. The Estate tax starts at 41% and rises to nearly 50% well above the top income tax rate. The current estate tax exemption amount a taxpayer has is $1.5 million in 2005. Under current law this will rise to $2 million next year through 2008 then rise to $3.5 million in 2009 and be repealed in 2010 only to return to $1m in 2011 when the prior law sunsets. However, President Bush is pushing to make a permanent repeal to estate taxes and do so more quickly then 2010. Although there is some support in Congress for this he would need to reach 60 votes and with mounting deficits and other priorities of the war and social security reform it is unclear what will happen with this. Some attorneys and tax commentators think it is likely that the estate tax exemption will be increased but not repealed prior to 2010 although until it happens one can only plan based on the current law and with the knowledge that there may be subsequent estate tax reform on the horizon of the next few years.

4. What are the general myths about Florida revocable trusts?

"Revocable Trusts Save Taxes."

Revocable trusts do not save income taxes or estate taxes. Typically during the life of the grantor the tax id of the grantor is used and any tax flows through to the grantor at his rates. Following the death of the grantor if the trust continues and is not immediately distributed outright to the beneficiaries it must then get a tax identification number and the retained income is taxed to the trust which has a more compressed rate schedule often resulting in a higher tax rate then if the individual beneficiaries were paying. This is not a potential problem until after the passing of the grantor though and then with proper planning the income can be distributed to the beneficiaries and there will be no adverse tax issues.

"Revocable Trusts Protect Assets from Creditors." - Myth

This is generally not correct as it relates to the grantor themself. Creditors may reach the assets of the grantor. Some asset protection could be achieved for other beneficiaries though. A Florida trust attorney could further help explain the details of how a trust could help with asset protection for other beneficiaries.

The primary benefit of creating a revocable trust is that it allows for continued management and preservation of your assets, should you become disabled. It can also help avoid probate and set forth all of the dispositive provisions of your estate plan including delayed distributions to beneficiaries if desired and professional management of such assets.

3. What Are some disadvantages of Florida Revocable Trusts

Re-Registration of Property and Changes to Beneficiary Designations
In order for the trust to ensure the continuity of management of the assets and Florida probate avoidance
the trust must be funded through a process of retitling assets of the estate. Depending on if there is a change in beneficial interest, there may be fees due when the new Florida Deeds are filed. If there is no change in the beneficial interest there are no additional document taxes due.

Increased initial costs

The costs to initially prepare a trust is more then a will given it is typically a more complicated and extensive document although the ultimate costs of having the trust and saving on the probate administration and other expenses is less.

2. What are the general advantages of revocable trusts?

Continuity of Management During Disability

Creating a Florida revocable trust is probably the best way to ensure that your property remains available to be used for your benefit, should you become physically or mentally incapable of managing your own affairs. While continuity of management is also possible when a Florida durable power of attorney is signed, third parties such as banks, brokers, and transfer agents often have more difficulty in dealing with a durable power of attorney than with a trust and do not always accept the authority of the agent.

If you become disabled and you have neither a revocable trust nor a durable power of attorney, (power of attorneys are controlled in Florida by the Florida Durable Power of Attorney Statute 709.08 an expensive, lengthy, and potentially embarrassing court proceeding is generally required to appoint a guardian before your property can be used to benefit either you or your family. Even after a guardian has been named, continued court supervision over the management of investments and disbursements is usually required. This can include annual bond fees, annual accounting, and additional legal, accounting, and other professional fees. It was also require a restricted depository account in which the court must approve of the transactions from.

Flexibility
Using a funded revocable trust may allow you to name unrelated, out-of-state individuals and out-of-state trust companies to act as the primary administrator of your property at death. Without a trust, Florida and other jurisdictions limit your flexibility in this regard. To serve as a non corporate Personal Representative in Florida a person must be a Florida resident or a close family member (as defined by Florida Statute) of the Florida decedent

Avoiding Florida Probate
Because Florida probate can be costly and time-consuming, the avoidance of probate in Florida is often cited as one of the primary benefits of a revocable trust. Depending on the assets that are funded in the Florida Trust may determine how great a benefit avoiding probate may be. If you own real estate in more than one state such as in Florida, California and Pennsylvania you can avoid multiple probate proceedings. If the decedent was a Florida domicile and owned property in Southern California, another piece of real estate in Philadelphia, and also owned real estate in Manhattan New York for example then putting the real estate in the trust can help avoid a California Ancillary Administration, avoid New York Ancillary Probate as well as helping to avoid Ancillary Probate Administration for the Pennsylvania property. The property can be distributed to the beneficiaries in a quicker manner and with far less administration costs.

Continue reading "Florida Trust Advantages" »

FLORIDA REVOCABLE TRUST STRUCTURE

A Florida revocable trust is created when an individual (typically called the grantor in Florida but also known as settlor, or trustor) signs a trust agreement naming a person(s), a corporation, or both to administer the trust (the trustee or corporate trustee). In Florida and many other jurisdictions the Grantor can also serve as a trustee, the grantor and the trustee can be the same person. Generally a grantor does serve as the initial trustee of their revocable trust and then names a few successor trustees two or more of whom may serve as successor co trustees in order to insure continuity of management in the event of death or disability.

Naming a corporate trustee rather than an individual ensures that a competent and experienced trustee will always be available to act in the grantor's interests and upon his or her passing assisting the Trust Beneficiaries with the trust administration. Florida Trust Statutes requires a corporate trustee when the assets of the trust are in excess of ten million dollars.

Continue reading "Florida Trust Structure" »

1. What is a Florida revocable trust?

A Florida Revocable Trust is a trust that is prepared by a Florida Grantor or sometimes know as a Settlor who is domiciled in Florida and the trust can be altered, amended or revoked. A revocable trust may also be known as a Florida living trust or a revocable living trust. Prepared by a Florida grantor or settlor the person making the trust for their property they would be known as a Florida living trust or a Florida Revocable living trust.

A Revocable Trust is a technique a that can be used for administration of assets both during the grantor's lifetime and after death.

A new problem has begun to surface in Florida Estate Planning. What happens if you use email, or other online services? Will your loved ones be able to act upon your behalf if you are incapacitated or unable to act on your own?

With the rising use of the internet, it doesnt matter if you are in Jacksonville Florida or another city.How can you give your heirs access to information that may be stored online but secured by a password, but without the risk of unauthorized access.

If you put your passwords in your Florida will, they could change, or people who should not have access to them might gain access. Likewise biometrics (fingerprint or retinal scans) could also pose problems if there is not a password in addition to the biometrics.

The best solution seems to deal with a password vault where there is a master password. This way if your passwords change, the person who has access to the master password would always have the current password.

The master password could be on a document that is referenced within the will or other estate planning documents.

With the increase in electronic communications it’s important to choose a Florida Estate Planning Attorney who is familiar with the technology and how to deal with these recent problems in estate planning.

Another solution is to create a Digital Asset Revocable Trust. This trust can be the owner of all of your digital assets or the assets you wish others to have access to upon a disabling event or your death. Since most of these digital assets are licenses, the trust will survive your death and others will be able to access the information. You still need to plan on how to transfer the information or knowledge to the successor trustee or beneficiary.

A general power of attorney will not be effective when the principal, the one who wrote and signed it, becomes incompetent, but a Florida durable power of attorney will still be valid after a person becomes incompetent or incapacitated.

One of the primary tax purposes of a durable power of attorney is to provide a mechanism for reducing a person's estate by making gifts of his or her assets. A similar objective in a smaller, nontaxable estate may be to make the principal eligible for Medicaid planning or assistance. In either case, it is prudent, and good practice demands, that the attorney at law who drafts the power of attorney includes the power to make gifts.

If the gift-making power is not included, the validity of the gift may be challenged. The IRS has successfully challenged gifts that were made when there was no specific authority in the document.

A